Deterrence and Crime Theories

These flashcards cover key concepts and theories regarding deterrence and crime, including definitions of various theories, their implications, and strategies for crime prevention.

What is the principle behind Deterrence theory?

Crime can be prevented when potential offenders perceive that the costs of committing crime outweigh the benefits.

Who were the main figures behind Classical Criminology?

Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham.

What is General Deterrence?

The threat of punishment deters the general public from committing crimes.

What is Specific Deterrence?

Punishment discourages the punished individual from reoffending.

What effect do people's perceptions of deterrence have according to research?

People’s perceptions of deterrence matter more than actual punishment policies.

Who developed Rational Choice theory?

Derek Cornish & Ronald Clarke.

What is the expected utility hypothesis in Rational Choice theory?

Criminals calculate the expected benefits and risks before committing a crime.

How can crime be reduced according to Rational Choice theory?

By increasing perceived costs and reducing opportunities.

What three elements must converge for a crime to occur according to Routine Activities theory?

1. Motivated offender 2. Suitable target 3. Absence of a capable guardian.

What is the principle of homogamy in Lifestyle theory?

Individuals who frequently associate with offenders are at a higher risk of victimization.

What does Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) involve?

Increasing surveillance and reducing opportunities for crime.

What is a more effective strategy according to Deterrence Strategies?

Increasing the certainty of punishment rather than the severity.

How does Target Hardening contribute to crime reduction?

It makes crime less attractive by enhancing security measures.

What does Broken Windows Theory suggest?

Addressing minor crimes and disorder can prevent major crimes.