Ch. 1

Bacteria

This domain of life is single celled

Archaea

This domain of life is known to live at the extremes

Eukarya

Yeast belong to this domain of life

Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus, while prokaryotes have a nucleoid

Phototrophs

Derive energy from sunlight

Chemotrophs

Derive energy from oxidation of a chemical fuel.

Autotrophs

Can synthesize all their biomolecules directly from CO2

Heterorophs

Require some preformed organic nutrients made by other organisms

Gram-Positive

Have a thick peptidoglycan outside of plasma membrane but lack an outer membrane

Gram-Negative

Have an outer membrane of a lipid bilayer containing complex lipopolysaccharides and proteins called porins

Porins

Proteins that provide transmembrane channels for diffusion of lower molecular weight compounds and ions

Plasmids

Smaller circular segments of DNA, more common in bacterial and archaeal cells

Metabolome

The entire collection of small molecules in a given cell under a specific set of conditions

Oligomers

Shorter polymers

Proteome

The sum of all the proteins functioning in a given cell

Glycome

A cell’s entire complement of carbohydrate-containing molecules.

Lipidome

The lipid-containing molecules in a cell

Catabolism

Degradative, free-energy-yielding reactions

Anabolism

Starting with small precursor molecules that are converted to progressively larger and more complex molecules, requiring the input of energy

Metabolism

The sum of catabolism and anabolism

Housekeeping Genes

Basic processes, expressed under all conditions and not subject to much regulation