Key Events and Movements in Early 19th Century America

Hudson River School

Art movement focusing on American landscapes.

Spiritual Renewal

Revival of religious fervor in communities.

Oneida Community

Utopian society founded in 1848 promoting complex marriage.

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival emphasizing moral reform.

Charles Finney

Preacher advocating for societal moral reformation.

Temperance Movement

Campaign against alcohol consumption in society.

Mormonism

Religious movement founded by Joseph Smith.

Book of Mormon

Sacred text of the Latter Day Saint movement.

Brigham Young

Successor to Joseph Smith, led Mormons to Utah.

American Anti-Slavery Society

Founded in 1833 to oppose slavery.

Seneca Falls Convention

1848 meeting advocating for women's rights.

Declaration of Sentiments

Document asserting women's equality in education.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

1831 slave revolt in Virginia led by Turner.

Yeoman Farmers

Independent landowners in the South, often pro-slavery.

Henry Clay's American System

Economic plan promoting internal improvements and tariffs.

Missouri Compromise

1820 agreement balancing slave and free states.

Adams-Onís Treaty

Agreement transferring Florida to the U.S.

Monroe Doctrine

Policy asserting U.S. influence in Western Hemisphere.

Market Revolution

Transformation linking Northern industries with Southern agriculture.

Cult of Domesticity

Idealization of women's roles as homemakers.

Panic of 1819

First major economic recession in U.S. history.

Judicial Review

Supreme Court's power to invalidate unconstitutional laws.

Corrupt Bargain

Accusation against John Q. Adams' election in 1824.

Doctrine of Nullification

States' rights to invalidate federal laws.

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation of Native Americans from their lands.

Transcendentalism

Philosophy emphasizing individual intuition and nature.

Walden

Henry David Thoreau's reflection on simple living.

Marbury V. Madison

Judiciary Act- 16 new spots for Federal Judges. Established Judicial Review.

Mcculloch V. Marylabd

Federal Law > State Law

War of 1812

War with Britain because of Impressment.

Hartford Convention

Federalists discussed their grievances with the War of 1812. Federalist party demise.

Era of Good Feelings

National unity under Democratic-Republics. Showed weakness because of no national bank.

Tallmadge Amendment

Prohibited Slavery in new states.

Election of 1824

Led to the split in Democratic-Republicans

Tariff of 1828

Raised import duties up to 50%. Southerners hated this because they relied on imported goods. Also called the Tariff of Abominations.

Doctrine of Nullification

John C. Calhoun- States had the power to determine the constitutionality of Federal Laws.

Force Bill

Used troops to enforce federal law.

2nd National Bank

Vetoed because Jackson thought it only favored the elite.

Treaty of New Echota

Exchanged land in Georgia for reservation West of the Mississippi River by small group of Cherokees

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Said moral perfection could be achieved in the US

Henry David Thoreau

Experiment of human perfection - “Waldo”