Mutations and Molecular Biology Flashcards

Flashcards on Mutations and Molecular Biology

Mutation

A permanent change that occurs in a cell's DNA.

Point Mutation

A chemical change in just one base pair (Substitution).

Missense Mutation

Point mutation where DNA codes for the wrong amino acid.

Nonsense Mutation

Point mutation where the Codon for amino acid becomes a stop codon.

Silent Mutation

Point mutation with no change in amino acid or functionality but the code is changed.

Frameshift Mutation

The addition or deletion of a base.

Insertion Mutation

Additions of nucleotides to a DNA sequence.

Deletion Mutation

Loss of nucleotide to a DNA sequence.

Mutagen

Substances that cause mutations.

UV Radiation

Can cause adjacent thymine to bind to each other instead of their complementary bases, causing DNA to “kink” and prevent replication.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

DNA → RNA → Protein