Hormones and neurotransmitters

Insulin

Peptide/Protein hormone

Estrogen and testosterone

Steroid hormone

Epinephrine

Amine hormones - water soluble

Released by Adrenal medulla

Thyroxin

Amine hormone - lipid soluble

Norepinephrine

neurotransmitter/hormone

Released by Adrenal medulla

Antidiuretic (ADH)

Neuro-hormones (posterior pituitary)

Hypothalamus neurohormone produced in posterior

aka vasopressin

Oxytocin

Neuro-hormone (posterior pituitary)

Hypothalamus neurohormone produced in posterior

Thyrotropin

tropic hormone (anterior pituitary)

glycoprotein hormone

aka thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Luteinizing hormone

Tropic hormone (anterior pituitary)

Gonadotropin

glycoprotein hormone

(LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Tropic hormone (anterior pituitary)

Gonadotropin

glycoprotein hormone

(FSH)

Corticotropin

Tropic hormone (anterior pituitary)

peptide hormone

aka Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Growth hormone

Peptide hormone (anterior pituitary)

• cells take up amino acids

• liver cells produce signals to stimulate growth of bone and cartilage

Endorphins and enkephalins

Neuro-transmitters in brain (natural painkillers)

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Peptide hormone (MSH)

stimulates production of melanin in skin and hair

Prolactin

Polypeptide hormone

Causes mammary gland development and milk production

Serves different functions in different animals

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Releasing hormone (hypothalamus)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Releasing hormone (hypothalamus)

Corticotropin release hormone

Releasing hormone (hypothalamus)

(CRH)

Androgen

Steroid hormone (made in gonads)

Dominant form - testosterone

Male sex hormone

Progesterone and estrogen

Steroid hormone (made in gonads)

Dominant form or estrogen - estradiol

Female sex hormone

Estradiol

Dominate form of estrogen

Synthesized from testosterone

Gonadotropins

Made in anterior pituitary

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Thyroxine

Amino acid-derived hormone (thyroid gland - follicle epithelial cells)

Regulates metabolism

Calcitonin

Peptide hormone (thyroid gland - Cells between follicles)

Regulates blood calcium levels

Parathyroid hormone 

Peptide hormone (Parathyroid gland)

Increase blood Ca+2

Calcitriol

Steroid hormone (parathyroid gland)

active form of vitamin D

Regulates Calcium levels

Mineralocorticoids

1 class of corticosteroid (adrenal cortex)

influences salt and water balance

Aldosterone

Mineralocorticoids (adrenal cortex)

stimulates kidneys

Glucocorticoids

1 class of corticosteroid (adrenal cortex)

influences blood glucose concentration

Sex steroids

1 class of corticosteroid (adrenal cortex)

Cortisol

Main glucocorticoid (adrenal cortex)

mediates metabolic stress response

Melatonin

Amine hormone (pineal gland)

sleepy time hormone