Atmosphere
The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Carbon offsetting
funding offsite activities that reduce global carbon emissions such as planting trees.
2009 Copenhagen Accord
190 countries agreed to limit global warming. Problems: Only agreed to make plans, many had hoped for a binding agreement that would ensure countries stuck to tough limits.
EU ETS
EU Emissions Trading System was set up in 2005. Goal is to reduce emissions across Europe.
Maldives 4p's analysis
place: country in South Asia, island in the Indian ocean
processes:
social - has a population of 504, 544 people, with rising sea levels the population will be evacuated. (brackish, loss of homes and buildings)
economic - there will be a demand for money to fix the damage the rising sea level has done. Wealthier countries are able to help Maldives because they are poorer.
enviromental - habitats are loss due to flooding, plants, animals. aquifer contamination
political - the Maldives are deciding to adapt to the rising sea levels by sea walls, flood defences, and protecting groundwater
power: wealthier countries will try and help Maldives pay and take in migrants because they evacuate. president Abdulla Yameen is trying to resist rising sea levels.
possiblities: to evacuate people and to try and resist sea level rise
Geo-engineering
The deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth's climate system, with the aim of mitigating the adverse effects of global warming eg. high altitude mirrors
Bangladesh 4 P analysis
Place: neighbouring India and Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal. Small and is a delta, therefore not much of the land is much above sea levels. Very densely populated.
Processes: Many people have little money. Most people are either subsistence farmers, unemployed or underemployed. Rising sea levels mean delta and their land is shrinking. People do not have enough money to leave and can't move to India because of religious reasons.
Power: don't contribute huge amounts to climate change, yet they are heavily affected
Possibilities: Dredging, Climate refugees.
Tuvalu's 4P's Analysis
PLACE: Tuvalu is located in the South Pacific. It is a group of 9 islands & atols, with a maximum elevation of 5m above sea level. There are 12000 permanent residents.
PROCESSES: •Social (+/-): Many of the residents are already living close to the poverty line and climate change is putting enormous strain on the human population.
•Economic (+/-): Agriculture, Fishing and Tourism are all impacted by sea level rise and warming temperatures.
•Environmental (+/-): Saltwater Intrusion, Inundation during high tides and storms, Soil becoming unusable for agriculture, Coral Bleaching and decreasing fish stocks are the main causes of concern.
•Political (+/-): Government already looking to relocate the islanders.
POWER:
Tuvalu's contribution to Global Climate Change is negligible, yet the negative impacts of many aspects of the changes impact this country more than most.
POSSIBILITIES:
Building/strengthening sea walls, dredging sediments to create higher elevations, leaving Tuvalu altogether (climate refugees).
Insolation
incoming solar radiation