Practice Quiz: Social-Emotional Development in the Preschool Years

According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of middle childhood is

Group of answer choices

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

basic trust versus mistrust.

ego versus despair.

industry versus inferiority.

industry versus inferiority.

According to Erikson, a sense of _________ can develop in middle childhood when family life fails to prepare children for school life or when teachers and peers destroy children's feelings of competence and mastery with negative responses.

Group of answer choices

shame

guilt

inferiority

mistrust

inferiority

Beginning in middle childhood, children's self-descriptions start to emphasize

Group of answer choices

specific behaviors and observable traits.

industry over inferiority.

both negative and positive characteristics.

internal states and physical attributes.

both negative and positive characteristics.

School-age children use frequent _________ in their self-descriptions.

Group of answer choices

sarcasm

negative comments

social comparisons

gender stereotyping

social comparisons

Which of the following statements is true about the development of self-concept?

Preschool children are better than school-age children at "reading" others' messages and internalizing their expectations.

A large discrepancy between an ideal self and a real self boosts self-esteem.

Perspective-taking skills are crucial for developing a self-concept based on personality traits.

School-age children often avoid making social comparisons when describing themselves.

Perspective-taking skills are crucial for developing a self-concept based on personality traits.

Sam is an American sixth grader. Compared to his Asian agemates, when asked to describe himself, Sam is more likely to say which of the following?

"I'm in sixth grade."

"I'm an older brother."

"I like hockey."

"My friends think I'm cool."

"I like hockey."

During childhood and adolescence, perceived __________ correlates more strongly with overall self-worth than any other self-esteem factor.

athletic competence

academic competence

physical appearance

social competence

physical appearance

Research on self-esteem shows that

the self-esteem of American children has dropped sharply over the past few decades.

previous generations displayed more antisocial behavior than today's American children.

adults can foster self-esteem by giving children frequent compliments, regardless of their actual performance.

children do not benefit from compliments that have no basis in real attainment.

children do not benefit from compliments that have no basis in real attainment.

Teachers who are ________ and emphasize __________ tend to have mastery-oriented students.

strict; getting good grades

indulgent; having fun

helpful; learning over getting good grades

caring; getting good grades

helpful; learning over getting good grades

Which of the following is true about perspective taking?

Good perspective takers handle difficult social situations effectively but are inconsistent in their displays of empathy and sympathy.

Children with poor social skills have great difficulty imagining others' thoughts and feelings.

Because school-age children are egocentric, they have difficulty understanding others' viewpoints.

While angry and aggressive children often mistreat adults and peers, they usually experience feelings of guilt and remorse when prompted by awareness of another's viewpoint.

Children with poor social skills have great difficulty imagining others' thoughts and feelings.

On a measure of peer acceptance, Dustin was seldom mentioned either positively or negatively. Dustin would be considered a ___________ child.

neglected

rejected

withdrawn

popular-antisocial child

neglected

The majority of popular-prosocial children combine __________ and __________ competence.

academic; social

academic; athletic

athletic; emotional

social; emotional

academic; social