mgi final

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250 Terms

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aspects of culture
values, customs, symbols, language
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absolute location
exact location of a place on the earth described by latitude and longitude
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relative location
the position of a place in relation to another place
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interdependence
a relationship between countries in which they rely on one another for resources, goods, or services
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diffusion
the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time. the different types of diffusion are expansion, stimulus, and relocation diffusion
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imports
goods and services purchased from other countries
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export
a good or service produced in the home country and sold in another country
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latitude
lines are imaginary lines a specific degree away from the equator going to the north and south pole
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longitude
vertical lines going from one pole to the other starting at the prime meridian
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monocentric realm
realms that have a country inside of them that heavily influence everything else that is in the realm
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polycentric realm
realms that have countries and or regions that have divided power
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3 population centers of the world
china, south asia, and europe
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sovereignty
ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
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hinterland
the market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves
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racism
belief that one race is superior to another
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prejudice
preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
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stereotype
a generalized belief about a group of people
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bigotry
intolerance toward those who hold different opinions from oneself
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discrimination
unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members
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ethnocentrism
belief in the superiority of one’s nation or ethnic group
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bias
a particular preference or point of view that is personal
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dictatorship
a form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority
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communism
a political ideology that promotes a classless, stateless society based on common ownership and control of production and property in general
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democracy
a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them
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fascism
a government that is focused on solving ecenomic, political, and social problems. this government promotes violent conflict between politics, factions, races, nations, and other people
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imperialism
extending the power, control, or rule by one country over areas outside its borders
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plutocracy
a government that is ruled by the wealthy, or power provided by wealth
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theocracy
a government controlled by religious leaders
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anarchy
absence of government
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capitalism
land, labor, and capital are owned by private individuals
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socialism
an economic theory of social organization in which the production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community or state
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mixed economy
a system that incorporates more than one economic system. usually being capitalism and socialism
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pampas
grassy, treeless plains of southern south america
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andes
a mountain chain of western south america
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patagonia
dry plateau region found in southern argentina
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amazon basin
the land drained by the amazon river
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creoles
people born in the americas to spanish parents
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mestizo
a person of mixed spanish and amerindian ancestry
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mulatto
a person of mixed african and european ancestry
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negro
african americans with total ancestry from any of the black racial groups of africa
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amerindian
indigenous people of the americas
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alien
a legal resident of a state that does not yet have citizenship
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illegal immigration
someone who enters a country illegally, or who stays for a longer time than legally allowed
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refugee
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
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deportation
the action of deporting an alien from a country
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repatriation
the act of returning to the country of origin
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extradition
a legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
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asylum
the protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee
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lingua franca
a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages
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ejido
mexican farmland redistributed to peasant communities after the revolution of 1917-1919
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hacienda
large, traditional, family-owned farms
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peon
landless, constantly indebted serfs
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maquiladora
a factory built by a US company in mexico near the US border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in mexico. sends out finished goods
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NAFTA
north american free trade agreement- tarrif free trade across north american countries
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evo morales’s accomplishments
* redistribution of natural gas/oil wealth
* reversed state profit from 18% to 82%
* told the US to leave their oil wealth
* scaled back US involvement in bolivia
* better education with help from cuba and venezuela
* raised minimum wage
* cut his own salary by 5%
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state of venezuela since the death of hugo chavez
left an authoritarian legacy and his economic policies became unsustainable. venezuelan currency became inflated, civil unrest increased, and food shortages became common. venezuela is now home to economic/humanitarian crisis
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child labor conditions
most kids are working so that they can further their education and help their family out. they work in dirty places to make little money
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altiplano
high-elevation plateau, basin, or valley between even higher mountain ranges
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dirty war
the name given to the war against socialism and communism in south america
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junta
military leader taking over a country
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operation condor
a US financed operation to assist south american governments to get rid of all socialism and communism in their country
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mothers of the plaza del mayo
argentine women whose children “disappeared” during the dirty wars of the military dictatorship
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deforestation
the action of clearing a wide area of trees
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bolsa familia
this plan gives families small amounts of cash to keep their children in school and to ensure their vaccinations against diseases that especially affect the poor
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great rift valley
area in africa where parts of the plateau’s surface dropped
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atlas mountains
africa’s longest mountain range located in between the mediterranean and the sahara desert
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sahara desert
the largest desert in the world, covering most of northern africa
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kalahari desert
a desert in southwestern africa, largely botswana
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congo basin
a large, flat area along the congo river in central africa
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savanna
an area of grassland with scattered trees and bushes
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sahel
belt south of the sahara where it transitions into savanna across central africa. it literally means ‘coastland’ in arabic
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escarpment
a steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface
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cataract
a large waterfall
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enclave
a distinct region or community enclosed within a larger territory
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exclave
a part of a country that is separated from the rest of the country and surrounded by foreign territory
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african transition zone
an area in which the properties of the land undergo a radical change
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islamic front
the southern border of the african transition zone that marks the religious frontier of the muslim faith in its southward penetration of subsaharan africa
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berlin conference
meeting at which europeans agreed on rules for colonizing africa
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direct control
style of imperial government where the head power controlled all levels of government and appointed its own officials to govern the country
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indirect control
local government officials limited self rule with a goal to develop future leaders
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religious influences throughout africa
major religions are christianity, islam, and traditional religions. islam is in the north, christan and traditional african religions are located all over the rest of the continent
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problems with newly independent states
no economical, political structure prone to bad leadership
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positive effects of imperialism
nutrition and medication increase, modern transportation, communication system, education system, economic opportunities, plumbing
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negatives of imperialism
erosion of trading value, African people were treated inferior to the europeans, african tribes were split up, terrible working conditions
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afrikaner
one group of white europeans in south africa, descended from the dutch settlers
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apartheid
laws in south africa that physically separated different races into different geographic groups
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ANC
the african national congress was the group that was against apartheid
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NP
nationalist party
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characteristics of apartheid
legal segregation of races, made people carry pass books, no longer citizens of south africa
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problems in south africa today
* too few south africans in work
* the quality of school education for most black people is sub standard
* poorly located and inadequate infrastructure limits social inclusion and faster economic growth
* spatial challenges continue to marginalize the poor
* south africas growth path is highly resource intensive and hence unsustainible
* the ailing public health system confronts a massive disease burden
* the performance of public service is uneven
* corruption undermines state legitimacy and service delivery south africa remains a dividedd society
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rwanda genocide
1994 ethnic hutu militias took advantage of rwanda’s political turmoil and began killing tutsi civilians
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victims of rwanda genocide
hutus would kill tutsi with machetes, there were about 800,000 victims
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results of the rwanda genocide
the genocide lasted about 100 days. about 800,000 tutsis were killed. after all of the killing both hutu and tutsi refugees started to flee to democratic republic of the congo
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perpetrators vs victims
the perpetrators were the europeans who instigated attacks between the hutus and the tutsis. it first started with the tutsis oppressing the hutus and then the europeans switched the order while they stole resources from their land
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africa’s world war
5\.4 million people were killed and it was congo rebels, rwanda, uganda vs angola, zimbabwe, namibia, kabila’s government
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sectarian conflict
violent conflict along religious or political lines; the african war is a sectarian conflict
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LRA
lord’s resistance army
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democratic republic of the congo’s struggles with democracy
instability from years of wars and political upheaval, coltan and other materials were exported without govenrment supervision
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DRC impact of conflict minerals
rubber, coltan, gold, tin, are all materials in conflict because they are being smuggled out and the government doesn’t get a cut out of the minerals being smuggled out
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janjaweed
armed gunmen in sudan responsible for killing and displacing hundreds of thousands of citizens in darfur