APUSH Chapter 15 Packet

a. inner truth and individual self reliance

The transcendentalist writers such as Emerson, Thoreau, and Fuller stressed the ideas of

a. inner truth and individual self-reliance

b. political democracy and economic progress

c. personal guilt and fear of death

d. love of chivalry and return to the medieval past

e. religious tradition and social reform

Deism

Liberal religious belief, held by many of the Founders such as Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin, that stressed nationalism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelations while retain belief in a supreme being

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward, stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life.

Methodists and Baptists

The two religious denominations that benefited most from the evangelical revivals of the early nineteenth century.

Mormons

Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah.

Burned Over District

Area of western New York state where frequent, fervent religious revivals produced intense religious controversies and numerous new sects.

Women's Rights conference at Seneca Falls

Memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the the Declaration of Independence

Oberlin College

Evangelical college in Ohio that was the first institution of higher education to admit blacks and women

Brook Farm

Short-lived intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking"

Monticello

Thomas Jefferson's stately self-designed home in Virginia that became model of American architecture

Shakers

Long-lived communal religious group, founded by Mother Ann Lee, that emphasized simple living and prohibited all marriages and sexual relationships.

Transcendentalism

Philosophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced many American writers of the early nineteenth century.

"On the Duty of Civil Disobedience"

The doctrine, promoted by American writer Henry David Thoreau is an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.

Federal Style

Architectural style that borrowed from classical Greek and Roman examples which emphasized symmetry, balance, and restraint.

Hudson River School

Art movement of the 1820s and 1820s lead by Thomas Cole, which celebrated the grand divinity of nature

Minstrel Shows

Popular nineteenth-century musical entertainments that features white actors and singers with painted black faces

Dorothea Dix

Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill

Brigham Young

The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah

Elizabeth Stanton

Leading feminist who wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" in 1848 and pushed for women's suffrage

Lucretia Mott

Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery

Emily Dickinson

Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality

Charles Grandison. Finney

Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening.

Amelia Bloomer

Female reformer who promoted short skirts and trouser as a replacement for highly restrictive women's clothing

John Humphrey Noyes

Leader of radical New York commune that practiced complex marriage and eugenic birth control

Mary Lyon

Pioneering women's educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts

Louisa May Alcott

A leading female transcendentalist who wrote Little Women and other novels to help support her family

James Fenimore Cooper

Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-rate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture

Walt Whitman

Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy

Edgar Allan Poe

Eccentric genius whose tales of mystery, suffering, and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends

Herman Melville

New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece

1837

A leading New England transcendentalist appeals to American writers and thinkers to turn away from Europe and develop their own literature and culture (year)

1843

A determined reformer appeals to New England legislature to end the cruel treatment of the insane (year)

1848

A gathering of female reformers in New York declares that the ideas of the Declaration of Independence apply to both sexes (year)

1800

Great evangelical religious revival begins in western camp meetings (year)

1830

A visionary from New York state creates a controversial new religion (year)