Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care The Basics: Chapter 4

the largest organ and system in the ______

skin

skin prevents _____ to internal organs

bacteria

skin also prevents the loss of too much ______ which is essential to life

water

the skin is also a ________ organ that feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure

sense

blood vessels _______ or widen, when the outside temperature is too high

dilate

blood vessels _______ or narrow, when the outside temperature is too cold

constrict

normal or sign/symptom: thinning skin

normal

normal or sign/symptom: bruises

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: wounds

sign/symptoms

normal or sign/symptom: wrinkles

normal

normal or sign/symptom: brown spots

normal

normal or sign/symptom: thinning of fatty tissue

normal

normal or sign/symptom: flaking skin

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: thinning hair

normal

normal or sign/symptom: less elastic skin

normal

normal or sign/symptom: reddened skin

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: swelling

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: gray hair

normal

true or false: the body is shaped by muscles, bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage

true

true or false: the human body has 215 bones

false

true or false: bones protect the body's organs

true

true or false: two bones meet at a joint

true

true or false: muscles allow movement of body parts

true

true or false: rage of motion exercises help prevent problems related to immobility

true

true or false: atrophy occurs when a muscle weakens, decreases in size, and wastes away

true

true or false: one way to prevent falls is to keep walkers or canes within reach

true

normal or sign/symptom: bruising

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: weakening of muscles

normal

normal or sign/symptom: loss of muscle tone

normal

normal or sign/symptom: change in the ability to do routine movements

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: loss of bone density

normal

normal or sign/symptom: increased brittleness of bones

normal

normal or sign/symptom: aches and pains

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: loss of hight

normal

normal or sign/symptom: pain during movement

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: increased swelling of joints

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: white, shiny, or warm area over a joint

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: slowing of body movement

normal

arthritis is a general term referring to ________ of the joints

immobility

What happens to the body when a person suffers from an autoimmune illness

the immune system attacks normal tissue in the body

osteoarthritis is common in

the elderly

if an NA sees NWB on a resident's care plan, the resident

is unable to support any weight on one or both legs

which side should a resident recovering from a hip replacement dress first

affected (weaker) side

fractures are broken bones and are often caused by

osteoporosis

what kind of pillow immobilizes and positions the hips and lower extremities after a hip replacement

an abduction pillow

A resident moves slowly as an NA helps him out of bed. The resident is not able to walk as far as he walked yesterday. the resident limps a little and occasionally makes a noise. What should the NA report to the nurse?

the NA should report that the resident can not walk and seems to be in pain

the nervous system

controls and coordinates body function

the two main parts of the nervous system are

the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

normal or sign/symptom: inability to move one side of the body

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: depression

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: fatigue with movement

normal

normal or sign/symptom: shaking

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: decreased sense of heat and cold

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: slurred speech

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: decreased ability to perform ADLs

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: slower reflexes

normal

normal or sign/symptom: trouble swallowing

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: confusion

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: decreased sensitivity of nerve endings in skin

normal

normal or sign/symptom: violent behavior

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: minor short-term memory loss

normal

normal or sign/symptom: changes in vision

normal

true or false: a resident who has paralysis after a stroke will usually not need physical therapy

false

true or false: leg exercises help improve circulation

true

true or false: when helping with transfers or ambulation, the NA should stand on the resident's stronger side

false

true or false: the NA should always use a gait belt for safety when helping a resident who has had a stroke to walk

true

true or false: the NA should refer to the side that has been affected by the stroke as the "bad side" so that the resident will understand which side the NA is talking about

false

true or false: gestures and smiles are important when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke

true

true or false: a resident who suffers confusion or memory loss due to a stroke, may feel more secure if the CNA keeps a routine of care

true

true or false: a resident who has a loss of sensation could easily burn himself

true

true or false: the CNA should ask questions that can be answered with "yes" or "no" when communicating with a resident who has had a stroke

true

true or false: when assisting with dressing a resident who has had a stroke, the NA should dress the stronger side first

false

Kate notices that Mr. Elliot seems to be having trouble saying words clearly. He is starting to get frustrated because he cannot tell Kate what he wants. Kate decides to ask only yes or no questions. She tells Mr. Elliot, "If you find it too difficult to speak right now, why don't you try nodding your head for yes and shaking your head for no." What is Kate doing right?

She is making Mr. Elliot's life easier by keeping answers easy or nonverbal

true or false: Parkinson's disease is a progressive disease that causes a section of the brain to degenerate

true

true or false: Parkinson's disease causes a shuffling gait and a mask-like facial expression

true

true or false: pill-rolling is something that people with Parkinson's disease must do before taking their medication

false

true or false: a resident with Parkinson's disease should be discouraged from performing her own care to save energy

false

multiple sclerosis causes the protective ______ _______ for the nerves, spinal cord, and white matter of the brain to break down over time

myelin sheath

for a person with MS, nerves cannot send ________ to and from the brain in a normal way

messages

symptoms of MS include ______ vision, fatigue, tremors, poor balance, and trouble walking.

blurred

The NA should offer _______ periods as necessary for residents with MS

rest

The NA should give residents plenty of time to ______ because people with MS often have trouble forming their thoughts

think

_________ can worsen the effects of MS, so the NA should remain calm and listen to residents when they want to talk

stress

true or false: the effects of a spinal cord injury depend on the location of the injury and the force of impact

true

true or false: the lower the injury on the spinal cord, the greater the loss of function will be

false

true or false: Quadriplegia is a loss of function of the lower body and legs

false

true or false: rehabilitation is of little help for people who have had spinal cord injuries

false

true or false: a resident with a head or spinal cord injury will need emotional support as well as physical help

true

true or false: the NA should help the resident change positions at least every two hours to prevent pressure injuries

true

true or false: a resident with a spinal cord injury should drink very little fluid to prevent urinary tract infection

false

list the five sense organs of the body

eyes, ears, mouth, nose

the circulatory system is made up of the ______, blood, and blood vessels

heart

the blood carries food, _________, and other substances cells need to function

oxygen

the circulatory system removes _____ products from cells

waste

normal or sign/symptom: severe headache

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: heart pumps less efficiently

normal

normal or sign/symptom: chest pain

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: swelling of hands or feet

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom:changes in pulse rate

sign/symptom

normal or sign/symptom: bluish hands or feet

sign/symptom