Disproportionation and water treatment

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6 Terms

1
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disproportionation reactions

When a single element simultaneously is oxidised and reduced

2
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Making bleach

Mix chlorine gas with cold, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide → sodium dichlorate

Chlorine is both oxidised and reduced

<p>Mix chlorine gas with cold, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide → sodium dichlorate</p><p>Chlorine is both oxidised and reduced</p>
3
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Chlorine and water

Mix chlorine with water = disproportionation reaction

= Mixture of hydrochloric acid and chloric (I) acid

Aqueous chloric(I) acid ionises to make chlorate (I) ions

<p>Mix chlorine with water = disproportionation reaction</p><p>= Mixture of hydrochloric acid and chloric (I) acid</p><p>Aqueous chloric(I) acid ionises to make chlorate (I) ions</p>
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Water treatment

Chlorate (I) ions kill bacteria, add to water → safe to drink / swim in

Prevents algae growing

Eliminates bad tastes / smells

Removes discolouration by organic compounds

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Risks of using chlorine for water treatment

  • Chlorine gas is toxic

  • Harmful to breathe in - irritates respiratory system

  • liquid chlorine → cause chemical burns to skin or eyes

  • Chlorine + organic substance ( from water from decomposition of plants )= chlorinated hydrocarbons → cancer but risk is lower than risk from unclean water

  • Seen as mass medication → forced, no choice to not have chlorinated water

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Alternatives to chlorine

  • Ozone → oxidising agent = kills micro organisms - expensive, short half life so doesn't last long

  • UV lights → kills microorganisms by damaging DNA, ineffective in cloudy water and doesn't last long