TExES Social Studies 7-12 (232) World History Competency 004 (F)

Nationalism

This is a feeling of pride in one's nation and played a significant role in political movements throughout the 18th and 19th centuries to include France, Germany, and Italy

Otto von Bismark

Independent German speaking states united to form a single German nation led by

Otto von Bismark

He was the chancellor of Prussia, the most powerful of the German states, and led the drive for unifying the German state

Blood and Iron

This was Bismark's foreign policy for resorting to war to aid in the unification of Germany and the expansion of its continental power

German Nationalism

Following a series of wars against Denmark, Austria and France, Bismark used these victories to bolster this

Wilhelm

He was the Prussian king that was named the first leader of the newly united German states in 1871

Nationalism

This powerful global force was a major factor for the outbreak of WWI that at times urged people to unite or to break apart groups.

Arms Race

This emerged as nations sought to create the worlds strongest armies and was a factor that began WWI

Industrialization

This aspect that contributed to WWI was competition for control of foreign markets and access to materials and resources.

Alliances

In a bid to maintain the balance of power many nations in Europe entered into these for protection

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy made this alliance also known as the Central Powers

Triple Entente

Britain, Russia and France made this alliance

Imperialism

This was closely mired in industrialization as nations spread abroad to gain access to new markets, resources, and materials

Spark

Sometimes referred to this for starting WWI, it was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by a Serbian nationalist who belonged to the Black Hand

Entangled Alliances

This refers to the reality that would ensure WWI would involve the entire European continent with Germany siding with Austria Hungary, who declared war on Serbia, and Russia mobilizing against Austria Hungary in support of Serbia. Germany declared war on Russia then France

Belgium

Germany invaded this country first and, due to alliances, Britain declared war on Germany with WWI well under way.

Total War

This is when all of a nation's resources are dedicated to the war effort and both the civilian and military populations mobilize to defeat an enemy.

Total War

A significant consequence of this is the purposeful targeting of civilian populations and the cities they live in

Total War

This included rationing, propaganda, and an increase of women in the labor force indicating the ways citizens sought to contribute to victory.

Conscription

Though nations had large standing armies this became essential with more than 70 million drafted by the end of WWI.

WWI

This was the worlds first truly modern war with new weapons revolutionizing warfare.

Trench Warfare

The advent of artillery and machine guns preventing a charge onto the battlefield led to this technique which resulted in an essential stalemate for the majority of WWI.

Poison Gas

This made its first appearance on the battlefield being introduced by the Germans during WWI to include chlorine and mustard.

Tanks

These made there first real appearance during WWI as a British development to break the trench warfare stalemate

U Boat

This German domain was used to destroy British naval ships

Aerial Combat

This new development was used primarily as reconnaissance

Maxim

He invented the machine gun using energy from recoil force to expel a spent cartridge and insert the next one and could fire 400-600 rounds a minute but required a team to operate it and water to cool it

Machine Gun

This was primarily used as a defensive weapon in WWI and offensively on aircraft, tanks and other vehicles

Decolonization

This was well underway at the close of WWI as nations across the world had strong nationalist feelings, the theory of self determination, and the Mandate System

Ottoman Austro-Hungarian

These empires were broken up at the end of WWI with much of this becoming he Middle East under the mandate of the British an French and the formation of new nations in Europe

Mandate System

An article in the League of Nations stated that colonies and territories needed assistance as they prepared for self government and more advanced nations would act as guides leading to this

Mandate System

This was influenced by the idea of self-determination a principle originating in the US under Wilson's 14 Points

Mandate System

These were established in the former German colonies and in territories once belonging to the Ottoman Empire

France Britain

These two nations took control of the Middle East to include Iraq and Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.

Paris Peace Conference

This meeting in 1919 was held among the Allies that included the Treaty of Versailles

Paris Peace Conference

Here 5 treaties were negotiated with the most significant being the Treaty of Versailles

14 Points

This was Wilson's proposal to include an end to secret alliances, promotion of free trade, decolonization, self determination, and establishing the League of Nations

Clemenceau and George

Many Allied leaders wanted to punish Germany harshly as these two were the most notable

Treaty of Versailles

This was a peace settlement at the end of WWI focused on ensuring that Germany would never again be a threat to the security of Europe

War Guilt Clause

The Treaty of Versailles included this where Germany accepted complete responsibility for the war

Treaty of Versailles

Terms included in this was a significant loss of German territory such as Alsace-Lorraine - given to France - the establishment of the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone on the border of Germany and France,

Treaty of Versailles

Terms in this included reparations, and disarmament where Germany was forbidden to have battleships, artillery, or subs and an army over 10000 men

Austro Hungarian Empire

This was broken up and out of it came the creation of Yugoslavia and Poland

League of Nations

This was created after WWI becoming the first permanent organization dedicated to maintaining peace

League of Nations

This was created at the Paris Peace Conference, a proposal by Wilson which the US declined to join later which was meant to avoid future wars but its weakness in design rendered it powerless

League of Nations

The formation of this was one of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles to include France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan

League of Nations

This sought to pressure member nations to settle disputes with diplomacy. Failure would result in economic sanctions

League of Nations

Theoretically if sanctions from this did not work it was supposed to respond with force however this did not have a military force under it command

League of Nations

This was dissolved in 1946 and replaced with the United Nations

Japan

WWII was triggered by this nation invading Manchuria in violation of the League of Nations which this nation withdrew from and began a full scale invasion of China in 1937

Italy

WWII was triggered by this nation invading Ethiopia

Germany

WWI was triggered by this nation in violation of the Treaty of Versailles by remilitarizing the Rhineland, the Anschluss of Austria, amassing an army, and invading Czechoslovakia and Poland

Appeasement

Western democracies did this by giving in to demands of aggressor nations in an attempt to keep the peace

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

This was a nonaggression treaty signed by Germany and the USSR in 1939 where the two nations publicly agreed to avoid armed conflict with one another

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

Secretly this was negotiated where Germany and the Soviet Union agreed to divide the countries of northern and eastern Europe into spheres of influence with Poland divided between the two

Poland

WWII officially began with Germany's invasion of this in September of 1939 followed by the Soviet invasion from the east.

Molotov Ribbentrop Pact

Germany violated this agreement by invading the Soviet Union quickly taking control of the Soviet spheres of influence in the Baltic countries and eastern Europe

Blitzkrieg

This strategy was used by the Germans in their opening attack in Poland and throughout Europe coming as a shock to the rest of the world

Blitzkrieg

This strategy included a preemptive air attack to weaken resistance followed by land forces using Panzer columns that were fast and mobile.

Mukden Incident

This occurred in Manchuria in September 1931 when Japanese blew apart the South Manchurian Railway and blamed the Chinese of sabotage using this pretext to annex Manchuria

Mukden Incident

This was condemned by the League of Nations to which the Japanese withdrew setting up a puppet state in Manchuria and pursued a militaristic expansionist policy

China

Japan launched a full scale invasion of this nation in 1937 and quickly gained control. It was condemned but the international community could not stop it.

China

Following Japan's bombing of Pearl Harbor Japan was forced to redirect it attention away from here to protect its Pacific empire

Rape of Nanking

Following the invasion of China Japan began bombing major Chinese cities, especially Shanghai which lead to this event

Rape of Nanking

Japanese troops fueled by racial superiority, fervor of war and nationalism unleashed an attack here where over two months they murdered unarmed soldiers, and civilians and raped 7000 women with an estimated 400000 dying by bayonet or machine gunned into open pits

Pearl Harbor

This was an attempt to destroy American naval forces in the Pacific on Dec 7 1941

Pearl Harbor

Involving six carriers Japanese attacked in 2 waves disabling 18 ships and destroyed 200 others however they did not destroy the carriers which were out to sea

December 11 1941

Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the US

May 1945

The war in Europe ended however the war waged on in the Pacific

MacArthur

He gained ground in the Pacific with island hopping campaign

Iwo Jima Saipan Okinawa

The fall of these islands gave US bombers access to Japanese mainland

Hiroshima

After a vague warning to Japan Truman dropped an atomic bomb here on August 6 1945

Nagasaki

A second atom bomb was dropped here as a failure of the Japanese to surrender after the first atomic bomb

Soviet Union

They declared war on Japan on August 8 1945

Hirohito

Emperor of Japan he surrendered on August 15 1945 and the subsequent US occupation of Japan

MacArthur

His forces occupied Japan following their surrender in WWII

MacArthur

He ensured that Japan's transformation would benefit the US and its Allies

Constitution

Adopted in 1947 Japan instituted democratic reforms with the emperor retaining his title with no military or political power and a limited military

1952

The US occupation of Japan ended though the US still maintains bases in Japan

Aggressive Industrialization

Following US occupation of Japan their resources were committed to a course of this making Japan a world super economic power

Marshall Plan

This was also known as the European Recovery Plan which was massive economic aid package designed to strengthen democracy and lessen the appeal of communism

Containment

The Marshall Plan was designed as part of this to lessen the appeal of communism

COMECON

This was established by the Soviet union following Stalin' refusal of US aid to Eastern Europe.

COMECON

This Soviet plan offered increased trade in astern Europe and the Soviet Union in an effort to supplement funds not being received by denying the Marshall Plan

United Nations

This was created at the end of WWII as a coalition dedicated to maintaining world peace and security

United Nations

This had more power than the League of Nations with representatives from US China Great Britain Soviet Union and France

San Francisco

The final version of the UN charter provisions were solidified here in 1945