History of Engineering: Key Civilizations, Innovations, and Contributions

What is the significance of understanding the history of engineering?

It helps to understand where we are going in the field of engineering.

Which ancient civilization is known for building the first canals?

The Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia.

What major military advancements did Assyrian engineers contribute?

Fierce military machines, iron weapons, and wagons.

What notable infrastructure did the King of Assyria build?

An aqueduct and paved streets.

What is a ziggurat?

A massive stepped cult platform found in certain Mesopotamian sanctuaries.

What materials did Mesopotamian engineers use for building houses?

Mud/clay brick, mud plaster, and wooden doors.

What was the largest pyramid constructed by Egyptian engineers?

The Great Pyramid of Giza, standing at 481 feet.

How long did it take to build the Great Pyramid of Giza?

20 years, with the labor of 20,000 workers.

What significant contributions did Greek engineers make to engineering?

They introduced the connection between pure science and engineering and were involved in drainage and tunnels.

What engineering concept did the Greeks develop related to fluids?

The science of hydrostatics.

What major infrastructure did Roman engineers create that is still in use today?

Roads, bridges, public buildings, aqueducts, and sewers.

What construction material did Romans first discover?

Cement.

What was one of the significant inventions during the Roman Imperial period?

The water wheel.

What were some of the major contributions of Asian engineers?

Massive structures for religious purposes, hanging bridges, and canals for irrigation.

What architectural feature is distinctive in Chinese engineering?

Buildings with curved roofs.

What innovative mechanism did the Chinese improve in clock technology?

The escapement mechanism.

What was the apprenticeship system used by European engineers?

Craftsmen learned their trade through a system of apprenticeship.

What major advancements did European engineers contribute to architecture?

Advancements in structural forms and trusses, allowing for large cathedrals.

What was the significance of Notre Dame de Paris in engineering history?

It was built from 1160-1345 and represented the greatness of construction and design.

What powered machinery advancements occurred during the European engineering period?

Water powered sawmills and windmills.

What was a notable development in shipbuilding during the Middle Ages?

The design of 'round ships' with a broad beam.

What were the three secrets of the success of ancient engineers?

Use of simple instruments, unlimited manpower, and infinite patience.

What is one of the objectives of studying the history of engineering?

To explain the evolution and significance of engineering practices over time.