Nuero-Anatomy Cerebrum (A)

the three functions of meninges

protection, isolation, metabolic support

meningeal linings of cerebrun

dura, arachnoid, and pia mater

Diagnosis by a spinal tap or lumbar puncture

meningitis

separates cerebellum from occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres; separates cerebellum from cerebrum

tentorium cerebelli

between two cerebellar hemispheres; separates left and right cerebellar hemispheres

falx cerebelli

extends into longitudinal fissure between 2 hemispheres; separates cerebral hemispheres

falx cerebre

covers the sella turcica and pituitary gland

diaphragma sella

most superficial of the meningeal lining

dura mater

deep to the dura mater, much thinner middle layer overlaying the brain

arachnoid mater

the thinnest and most closely adherent layer of the meninges (deepest)

pia mater

CSF

cerebrospinal fluid

the circulatory system for CSF

ventricular system

volume of CSF

125 ml

located in the frontal and parietal lobes

anterior horn

extends into the occipital lobe

posterior horn

in the temporal lobe

inferior horn

narrow space between cerebral hemispheres; bounded by structures comprising diencephalon

third ventricle

interconnects the two hemisphere of the thalamus

massa intermedia

third ventricle drains into the 4th ventricle by way of the

cerebral aqueduct

bounded by cerebellum behind pons & medulla in front and is continued below into central canal of spinal cord

fourth ventricle

outer surface of brain (2-4 mm thick)

cerebral cortex

a fold

gyrus

a depression

sulcus

a particularly deep depression

fissure

divides the hemispheres; goes as deep as the corpus callosum

longitudinal fissure

divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum (tentorium cerebelli fits in here)

transverse fissure

representative of the distribution of motor and sensory innervation in the pre and post central gyri

homunculus

largest of the lobes, runs from the frontal pole back to the central sulcus/fissure of rolando

frontal lobe

site of auditory reception, clearly identifiable lobe posterior to the lateral fissure

temporal lobe

anterior point of temporal lobe

temporal pole

responsible for receiving visual stimulation, primarily associated with vision and its related functions (ex: reading)

occipital lobe

runs posteriorly from central sulcus back to a poorly defined border in the region of the angular gyrus

parietal lobe

revealed by deflecting temporal lobe; can be exposed by separating the “lips” of the lateral fissure; lies very deep to the rest of the crebrum

insular lobe

lips of the lateral fissure

operculum

two most important gyri in speech

precentral and postcentral

anterior to central sulcus, **motor** functions

precentral gyrus

posterior to central sulcus, **sensory** functions

postcentral gyrus