Part 2: bus boycott and key figures

What triggered the Alexandra Bus Boycott, and why did it gain mass support?

PUTCO increased bus fares from 4 to 5 pence. 80% of Johannesburg’s African population lived below the poverty line, so even 1 penny more meant starvation. As a result, tens of thousands refused bus transport.

How did the boycott unfold?

• Began January 7, 1957 under slogan “Azikhwelwa!” (“We shall not ride!”).

• People walked 22 miles daily.

• APTAC formed to organize the protest.

• Spread to Sophiatown, Atteridgeville, and more.

• Police harassed walkers; white motorists offered support.

• Became a major anti-apartheid victory after fares were reduced.

What was Dan Mokonyane’s role in the Alexandra Bus Boycott?

He served as secretary and later chief organizer. He coordinated marches, messaging, and negotiations. After Sharpeville, he was banished and escaped into exile in the UK.

How did Albert Luthuli influence the boycott and the broader struggle?

• Supported the boycott despite being banned.

• Emphasized disciplined, peaceful resistance.

• As ANC President-General, he legitimized the movement.

• Won the Nobel Peace Prize for his non-violent leadership.

• His Christian/Gandhian philosophy unified diverse groups.

Why is Anthony Sampson important in recording South African resistance?

A British journalist, he edited Drum magazine, which gave voice to Black writers. He documented the boycott and later anti-apartheid trials in The Treason Cage. His work spread global awareness of apartheid brutality.