Historical Perspectives = Psychology in America

What was the American research university in the 1800s?

Johns Hopkins University was the 1st and only one!

What were the 3 changes Gillman implemented to research universities (Hopkins)?

1. Student requirement for graduate school before med school

2. Fellowships offered to qualified students

3. Academic departments were established

Psychology’s Development in America

William James was 1st to teach a course in US → Americans that studied w/ Wundt returned home (structuralism in America) → Hall and Cattell returned and developed labs → functionalism, behaviorism, and structuralism were now in America

William James Biography

from New York, came from wealth, studied art and medicine, travelled Europe and South America, in SA he got sick and had to recover in Europe and studied w/ von Helmholtz; taught at Harvard

Who was the 1st professor of psychology at Harvard?

William James

Where did James set up his educational psych lab?

Harvard!

What is the textbook James took 12 years to write?

Principles of Psychology

What are the contributions of the textbook, Principles of Psychology?

1. Space perception

2. James-lange emotion theory

3. instinct

4. habits

5. psychopathology → normal behavior

6. self-psych

7. memory model

8. physiological inhabitation

9. vague, transitory states

James was inspired by ________.

Darwin

Who was the 1st advocate for functionalism?

James - focused on the function of the mind and the purpose of consciousness

Stanley Hall Biography

from Massachusetts, came from farming, went to seminary school but was intersted in philosophy /theory of evolution → went to study @ University of Berlin; Wundt’s 1st american student!

Who was the 1st to receive a PhD in psychology?

Hall

Who did Hall prefer working with?

Fechner!

Where was Hall a faculty member at?

Hopkins

Hall Discoveries

• set up a lab @ Hopkins focused on research psychology, published Adolescence book and identified it & adolescent sexuality as a sub-topic; wrote the 1st psych book on religion and aging

Hall Contributions

• advanced psych field beyond books to monthly journals and started the National American Society for Psychology (in living room) → it became the APA

Hall mentored __ students for their PhD.

81

Who were some of Hall’s students?

Cattell, Dewey, Goddard, Sumner, Terman

Francis Cecil Sumner

• 1st African American to receive a PhD, leader in education reform, father of black psych