FTCE Spanish K-12

Poet who wrote the lyrics of Himno Nacional Mexicano in 1853?

Francisco Gonzalez Bocanegra

Spanish woman who was the first female to appear on a United States coin (an 1893 commemorative quarter)?

Isabella I

The etymology of the names of the five weekdays in Spanish is from what?

Astronomy

Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, humanist. First Latin American to win a Nobel Prize in literature for her lyric poetry. (1889-1957).

Gabriela Mistral

1921-2004. Spanish author who wrote in the period after the Spanish Civil War. Won Nadal Prize (Premio nadal es un premio español para la literatura) for literature with a controversial publication that deals with the lack of spirituality in Spain after the war (Nada).

Carmen Laforet

Se usa en Chile, Colombia, Peru y la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos.

El tuteo

Música latinoamericana es una mezcla de música y _

nativa y africana

Se usa en Argentina, etc

Voseo

Spanish surrealist painter. Most famous painting: The Persistence of Memory

Salvador Dalí

Nicaraguan poet. "Father of Modernism". "Prince of Spanish Literature". Nicaraguan writer 1867-1916. Most known for his poetry, prose and modernism.

Ruben Dario

found the pacific ocean

Vasco Nuñez de Balboa

founded colonies in Puerto Rico and dsicovered Florida

Juan Ponce de Leon

Barcelona is the capital of .

Cataluña

activista social de Guatemala. Dedicated her life to indigenous feminism

Rigoberta Menchú

la costumbre de charlar después de comer

La sobremesa

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra mostró el conflicto entre ____ en "Don Quixote"

Idealismo y materialismo

Don Quixote fue escrito por:

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra

a traditional market from the Arab countries of North America, brought to Spain by the Moors.

Zoco

to bargain or to barter

regatear

Spanish painter 17th century; famous painting of "las meninas".

Diego Velasquez

Argentinian writer 1911-2011. Wrote essays, articles and novels and was involved with politics literature and science. He investigated los desaparecidos in 1983 under President Raúl Alfonsin.

Ernesto Sabato

Medellín, Colombia. This painter and scultpor created exaggerated and disproportionate figures and his work has humorous and ironic understones. He is an abstract artist known for his still lifes. Still alive!

Fernando Botero

Spanish opera singer. Directs LA opera now. From Mexico.

Placido Domingo

1746-1828. Spanish painter. He painted historical paintings and was the first artist to paint what he wanted and not what the king/church wanted. His art reflects the tumultuous events of his time (Napoleon, Enlightenment, etc). Many paintings of this depict the war (Spain's War of Independence).

Francisco Goya

Jose Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera, and David Alfaro Siquieros (more realistic than the other two) are all .

Mexican muralists

Peruvian writer who moved to Chile (considers herself Chilean). She mixes the fantastic with the real in her writings and writes about sociopolitical issues in Chile in the postcolonial period.

Isabel Allende

Peruvian writer. Novels and political narratives about the vulgarity of human nature and politics.

Mario Vargas Llasa

El Libro del consejo. Written in Mayan Quiche langugae. Filled with Mayan (mex/guatemala) myths and traditions

Popol Vuh

Spanish cubist painter (also surrealism). Inspired by El Greco and Francisco Goya. Did not like Franco. Guernica is one of his famous paintings.

Pablo Picasso

1500s Spanish writer "The Father of Modern Comedy. He founded el teatro nacional de españa.

Felix Lope de Vega

1900s. Argentinian writer. Left Argentina for France during the military regime. Writes stories essay and novels and his works deal with reality fantasy and the absurd.

Julio Corazar

1878-1937. Uruguayan writer who was influence by Edgar Allen Poe. His works have elements of horror, American nature, supernatural, and mental illness

Horacio Quiroga

Mexican writer and screenwriter (magical realism). His stories are based on ignorant, poor and deisolated people and also with social injustice pain and suffering. He uses ghosts a lot in his works.

Juan Rulfo

1899-1986. One of the best known Spanish language writers. Born in Argentina, lived in Europe, was also a professor at la universidad de buenos aires. Ultraismo and cosmovision.

Jorge Luis Borges

Columbian writer, magical realism, colombian life, social and political in ever day life. 100 años de soledad, amor en el tiempo de colera.

Gabriel Garcia Marquez

1928-2012. Mexican novelist. Examines Mexican culture and a way to preserve it. Socialist. Based in history but his works are fictional .

Carlos Fuentes

1871-1917. Uruguayan writer who wrote modernistic essays. His message always included warnings about the North American influences in Latin America (esp materialism). He wanted LA youth to reject materialism and embrace culture.

Jose Enrique Rodo

Argentinian writer and politician. He wrote essays an novels. He was the president of Argentina 1868-1874. He also was a teacher! He fought against ignorance and dictatorship.

Domingo Faustino Sarmiento

Mexican poet and essayist. He won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1990. Concepts in his work are loneliness and existential restlessness.

Octavio Paz

1853-1895. Cuban writer and politician. His works are modernistic pieces. He is also known as the Hero of Cuban Independence/ "Apostle of Cuban Independence". He fought against Spain.

Jose Martí

Chilean poet with Marxist convictions. He won the Nobel Prize in 1971 for Literature. His works celebrate nature and the American man.

Pablo Neruda

Argentinian general.

Jose de San Martin

Known as the Liberator of Argentina and Chile and as the Protector of Peru.

Fought with Spain against French in Spain's War of Independence, but later fought against Spain for the independence of Latin American countries.

He organized the army of the Andes with Chilean General Bernardo de O Higgins.

1808-1817. France turned on Spain (Napoleon), they fought for control of the Iberian Peninsula.

Spain's War of Independence

Mexican priest and patriot 1800s.

Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo

Father of the country/initiator of the independence.

Also ended slavery and fought for the rights of indigenous peoples of Mexico.

Established a national government.

Executed by the Realists.

"Cry of Dolores"--> at mass, he called the people of his town to rebel against the current government in the name of their king.

Sept 16 1810. Miguel Hidalgo (Father Hidalgo), gave a cry in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato which started the Mexican War for Independence from Spain

The Cry of Dolores

liberator of Venezuela 1813-1814. Also helped Peru and Bolivia gain independence. Andrew Bello and Simon Rodriguez taught him ideas of freedom (he studied with those guys) ENGLIGHTENMENT. Also a writer, he wrote the Constitution for the Republic of Bolivia.

Simon Bolivar

Lyric poetry from Mexico.

Sor Juana Inez de la Cruz

Disadvantages of living a woman (she was a nun and used solitude to escape from the world and from love). Baroque.

Spanish conquistador. Founded La española (dom republic and haiti). Also conquered Cuba and arrived in Mexico. CONQUERED THE AZTECS. Took advantage of indigenous people's helped him defeat the Aztecs.

Hernan Cortez

Author from the generation of 98 (a group of Spanish writers, essayists, and poets that were affected by the moral, political, and social crisis in Spain at the end of the 19th century.

Miguel de Unamuno.

The main message: Spain needed to abandon its traditions and integrate with Europe (conflict between reason and faith). Science v religion, importance of doubt. 1864-1936.

Spanish author who wrote realist novels, dramas and chronicals. 1843-1920.

Benito Perez Galdos

Best known for historic novels in which he mixed reality with fiction. He wanted to find and analyze the origins of the Spanish revolution of the 19th century. Doña Perfecta, Gloria Fortunata y Jacinta, Misercordia

aka the Countess 1851-1921.

Emilia Pardo Bazan

Important novelist at the end of the 19th century.

Tried to introduce naturalism to Spain

500+ pieces

Most works deal with life and customs of Galicia and also women's rights and feminism.

super realists, 1898-1936. Creations that oscillate b/w reality and fantasy. Poetry, drama, theater. Studied at Colombia University, lived in NY. Assassinated 1936 in Spain a few days after the Spanish Civil War started.

Frederico Garcia Lorca

aka Alfonso el Sabio. King of Castilla-Leon 1252-1284. Decided to use Castilian as the official language of his kingodm. Castilian (Spanish) became more important than other languages spoken in the area.

Alfonso X

Capital = tecnochtitlan

aztecs

Language= nahuatl

aztecs

daily human heart sacrifices to please the SUN god.

aztecs

Yucatan, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize Honduras. Made human sacrifices to the gods.

mayans

Intellectuals with an artimetic system, calendar, hieroglyphic writing

mayans

Palenque, Copán, Tikal, Uxmal, Chichen Itza

Mayans

Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina. Communal AGRICULTURE. Tyrannical policy over weaker tribes. HUman sacrifices based on the agricultural cycle. Architecture was their main form of art.

Incas

language quechua

incas

1st European to arrive in Colombia 1501.

Rodrigo de Bastidas

1533 arrived in Ecuador and conquered the area.

Sebastian de Belacazar

River that runs through Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile

Rio de Plata

Archipelago in the Carribbean Sea bw N & S America.

Antilles

Cuba, Hispaniola (Dom Rep & Haiti), Jamaica, PR

Greater Antilles

Guadeloupe, Dominicana, Martinque, Saint Lucia, Barbados , Granada, Trinidad etc

Lesser Antilles

River that runs through Venezuela and Colombia

Orinoco

River that runs through Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina

Parana

River that runs through Brazil, Paraguay (divides it east and west), Argentina, Bolivia

Paraguay

Longest river in the world. Runs through Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador

Amazon

Huge lake in Peru and Bolivia

Lake Titicaca

Led a campaign against the republican government in Spain in 1934 and divided the country between right and left.

Francisco Franco

In 1936, the 3 year Spanish Civil War began. Franco won, established absolute dictatorship. Spain begain to change quickly (political prisoners were scientist, artist, writers, teachers, professors).

Emphasis on fidelity to the Catholic Church and support form the Spanish financial oligharchy.

He was the dictator of Spain until he died in 1975.

court established during the reign of Fernando 11 and Isabel 1 in 1480. The purpose was to discover and punish heretics and investigate crimes against the CATHOLIC FAITH like witchcraft, blasphemy, etc.

inquisition

CONVERT JEWS AND MUSLIMS TO CHRISTIANITY OR THEY MUST LEAVE THE COUNTRY.

Torture was used during interrogations.

This operated in Spain until it was abolished in 1834.

130 plus ships and 20000 sailors. Considered invincible for a time. The fleet was eventually defeated in 1588 when King Felipe 11 sent it to England to try to destroy Queen Elizabeth 1 of England. This is considered to be the marking point of when the Spanish empire began to decline.

Spanish armada

war b/w nationalists and republicans (under Franco). Began in 1936. The war divided communities, families, and friends. Franco had help from Nazis and Italians. War ended in 1939 and Franco established a dictatorship.

Spanish civil war

Mexico declared independence from Spain in what year?

1821

European royalty with French origins and great influence in Europe.

Bourbons

attempt on the part of the Spaniards to recover their land from Muslims who invaded Spain in 711, and to restore a unified faith (catholicism). 712-1492. Granada was the last city to be recovered by the Spaniards.

Reconquista