Bio 229 Fillins

Covers bits of Chapter 3 (ET), 16, 14

tight junctions

peripheral protein in the cell membrane that connects cells next to each other

adhering junction

protein fibers extend between 2 cells which cinch cells together if they separate

desomosome

2 proteins that form a “button” and a snap”
found in basal surface

basement membrane

epithetal tissues connect to other tissues at their basal surface with a

simple squamous

ET found in blood vessels, capillaries, air sacs of lungs

simple cuboidal

ET found in sweat glands, kidneys

simple columnar

ET found in digestive tract, secretory glands (mammary gland, submandibular gland)

pseudostratified columnar ET

ET found in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchial tree, fallopian tubes

stratified cuboidal ET

ET found in anal canal, male urethra

transitional ET

ET found in bladder and ureters

non-Keratinized stratified ET

ET found in esophagus, oral cavity, vagina

Keratinized stratified ET

ET found in epidermis

goblet cells

Special features found in all columnar cells typically

cilia

Special features of cells found in some simple columnar cells and ALL psuedostratified columnar ET

microvilli

Special features of ET found in some simple columnar and cuboidal cells

merocrine secretion

Secretions are released without damaging the cell or damaged

apocrine secretion

Cell part with the secretions are shed and released; it is regrown

holocrine secretion

Membrane and cell is destroyed and is the product being secreted

Collagen, elastin, reticular

Protein fibers in connective tissues

areolar CT

CT found under dermis of skin; under ET layer of organ systems with external openings

reticular CT

CT found in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow

musculocutaneous nerve

Sensory fx: Anterior upper arm
Motor fx: Muscles of the anterior arm (biceps and brachialis)

Radial nerve

Sensory fx: Posterior arm and forearm
Motor fx: Muscles of posterior arm and forearm (triceps and forearm extensors)

Ulnar nerve

Sensory fx: Anterior medial forearm, medial palm of hand and digits 4 + 5
Motor fx: Some muscles of forearm and many hand muscles

Median nerve

Sensory fx: Most anterior forearm and hand
Motor fx: Muscles of anterior forearm and hand

sciatic nerve

controls posterior hip, posterior thigh, all leg and foot

brain stem

substantia nigra, reticular formation; corpora quadridgemina, pons

glossopharyneal nerves (IX)

sensory info in pharynx and soft palate; taste sensations from posterior third of the tongue

abducens nerve (VI)

Innervates lateral rectus

trigeminal nerves (V)

Innervates muscles of mastication

hypoglossal nerves (XII)

Innervates skeletal muscles of the tongue; voluntary motor control of the tongue

trochlear nerve (IV)

Innervates superior obliques of eyes; motor fibers through eyesockets of the superior orbital fissure

accessory nerves (IX)

Innervates swallowing muscles of the soft palate and pharynx and vocal cords and muscles of the neck 

optic nerve (II)

• Cranial nerve involved in the sensory ganglia of the eyes.

• Receives visual information from the retina of the eyes.

oculomotor nerve (III)

• Cranial motor nerve that controls eye movement

olfactoy nerve (I)

• Cranial nerve involved in the sensory function of smell

facial nerve (VII)

Sensory and motor neurons of the face and proprioception; taste info in anterior 2/3s of the tongue

vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Balance and equilibrium; hearing; bundles of sensory fibers in vestibular, cochlear nerves

dorsiflexion

plantarflexion

supination

Pronation

Thyroid hormones (TSH), Calcitonin

Thyroid gland secretes

Glucorticoids, mineralcorticoids, androgens, cortisol

Adrenal cortex secretes:

Epinephrine, noepipinephrine, beta blockers

Adrenal medulla secretes

leptin

Secreted by adipocytes which suppresses hunger centers when high

Kidneys

Erythropoietin is secreted by the

Oxytocin, ADH

Hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary

TSH, Prolactin, growth hormone, gonadotropic hormone, gonadotropins

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary

lysosome

Membranous organelles and vesicle that breaks down fat and excess lipids

Proxisomes

small, specialized vesicles that break down toxins