Civil Society Protests

Flashcards about Civil Society Protests (Women's Movement, Students and Peace Movements)

Post-World War II Social Change

Following World War II, people wanted democracy and equality, leading to mass protests in the 1960s.

Civil Society Protest

Action taken by ordinary citizens against government policies or situations deemed unfair, aiming to draw attention to injustices and influence public opinion.

Aims of the Women's Movement

Improve the status of women, end gender discrimination, ensure equal rights in the workplace, recognize the worth of women, and allow women more control over their lives.

Role of Women in Western Countries in the 1950s

Expected to stay home, raise families, had limited career choices, were seldom promoted, paid less, lost jobs when married, and faced sexist attitudes.

Inequality in State Laws affecting Women

18 states forbade women from being jurors, and 17 forbade women from being bartenders.

Middle-class Women's Advocacy

Advocated for equal pay for equal work and equal opportunities for women.

Suffragette Movement

Fought for the right to vote.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Outlawed discrimination based on race, colour, nationality, religion, and gender, though the law was not always applied.

Tactics of the National Organization for Women (NOW)

Used peaceful demonstrations, petitions, strikes, and legal action to force workplace equality; campaigned to change laws; challenged discrimination in the courts; fought for maternity leave and childcare centres.

Tactics of the Women's Liberation Movement

Discussion groups to exchange ideas and develop strategies; protests against male sexism; challenged representation of women; rejected symbols of conventional femininity.

Ms. Magazine

Feminist magazine co-founded in 1971 by Gloria Steinem.

Development of 'The Pill'

Gave women more control over their own lives.

Equal Pay Act (1963)

Support for economic rights for women and improved earnings.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 for Women

Provided a tool for women to fight discrimination in the workplace.

Roe vs Wade (1973)

The Supreme Court ruled that a woman's right to privacy included abortion, striking down federal and state laws that banned abortion.

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978)

Made it illegal to discriminate against pregnant women in the workplace.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed Constitutional Amendment guaranteeing equal rights for women that failed to receive the necessary state ratifications.

Anti-pass campaigns in South Africa

March of 20,000 women to Pretoria in 1956 to deliver letters of protests to the government against pass laws.

Black Sash

A multiracial organisation that mourned the death of the Constitution and campaigned against detention without trial in South Africa.

Aim of the Peace Movement

Ending war, especially nuclear war, due to its destruction.

Why did the Disarmament Movement start?

Concerned the threat of nuclear warfare, development and storage of nuclear weapons, and the environmental damage caused by nuclear testing.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

Banned the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, water, and outer space.

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968)

Aimed to limit the spread of nuclear arms and ensure that nuclear energy was used for peaceful purposes only.

Women for Life on Earth

Marched from Wales to Greenham Common to protest against nuclear cruise missiles stored there by the US government.

Hippies

They rejected the materialism of their parents and society and corporate capitalism by rejecting their work ethic and embracing alternative lifestyles.

Characteristics of the Baby Boomers

Better education, more critical of conservative values, and protested to bring about change.

Core Beliefs of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Active involvement of citizens in political life, civil rights and racial equality, opposition to militarism and the Vietnam War, and critique of corporate power and economic inequality.

Students' Movements around the world

United in opposition to Vietnam War, some adopted revolutionary ideas, protested conditions at universities, demanded greater participation and curriculum reform.

Students' Movements Successes

Pressure on the government, withdrawal of troops from Vietnam War, better regulation of nuclear weapons, changes to educational administration and curricula, new rights and opportunities for young people.

Anti-Vietnam War Movement

Protested against US involvement and cost of the war, media played a big role in increasing public awareness.

Kent State Massacre

Police used violence against students, killing four and wounding others.

Civil Rights Movement

African Americans fighting for Equal rights.