Lab 8: Amniotes

monophyletic group that includes mammals, reptiles, birds, and their extinct ancestors

clade amniota

amniotic egg shell protects from

friction, abrasion of gravity

four membranes of amniotic egg are

yolk sac, amnion, allantois, chorion

four membranes of amniotic egg meet ___ requirements

water, waste, and nutritional

type of skull depends on

temporal fenestra

temporal fenestra

opening behind the orbit (eye)

two groups of amniotes

synapsids and sauraspids

synapsids

one temporal fenestra
mammals

saurapsids include organisms with ___ skull

anapsid or diaspid

anaspid

no temporal fenestra
turtles

diaspid

two temporal fenestra
birds and reptiles

same tooth morphology

homodont
non-mammmalian vertebrates

different tooth morphology

heterodont
mammals

class mammalia characteristics

hair
sebaceous glands
synapsid skull
endothermy
diphyodont teeth

mammlian ancestor

cynodont

egg laying mammals
echidna and platypus
no nipples but still feed milk

subclass prototheria
order monotremata

give live birth to underdeveloped embryo and finish development in mother’s pouch
kangaroos, koalas, opossum

subclass theria
infraclass metattheria
order marsupalia

placental mammals
belly button

subclass theria
infraclass eutheria

class reptilia common names

squamates, tuataras, turtles, crocodilians, birds

class reptilia characteristics

oviparity
dry, scaly skin
ectotherms
secrete uric acid

orders of infraclass lepidosauromorpha

sphenodonta and squamata

order sphenodonta common name

tuataras

order sphenodonta eye

parapineal (on top of head)

order squamata common name

snakes and lizards

orders of superorder archosauria, infraclass archosauromorpha

chelonia, crocodilia, saurischia, ornithischia

order chelonia common name

turtles

order chelonia skull

anaspid

order chelonia beak

keratinized with no teeth

order chelonia carapace

dorsal shell

order chelonia plastron

ventral shell

order crocodilia adapations for aquatic life

double palate
dorsal bone plates
laterally flattened tail

order ornithischia common name

dinosaurs

order saurischia common name

dinosuars and birds

why are birds in order saurischia?

convergent evolution

clade aves common name

birds

clade aves reproduction mode

oviparous

clade ave adaptations for flight

feathers
keratinous beak
efficient lung
keel
synsacrum

keel

long projection in sternum that allows for attachment of pectoral muscles

synsacrum

fused sacral vertebrae