Yr 11 - B4: Theoretical & Human Genetics

nucleotides

nucleotides

building blocks of DNA

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

chromatin

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

Genes

the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein

gene locus

specific location of a gene on a chromosome

Allele

Variant form of a gene that can result in different traits or characteristics in an organism.

homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, have the same structure, one is maternal origin and the other f paternal origin

Homozygous

having two identical alleles for a trait

Heterozygous

having two different alleles for a particular gene

dominant allele

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. Represented by upper case letter

recessive allele

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. Represented by lowercase letter

Geneotype

An organism's genetic sequence of dna, or allele combinations.

Phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits determined by phenotype and environment

Co-dominant alleles

Pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote

Diaploid cells

have double set of chromosomes

Haploid cells

have one set of chromosomes

Gametes

sex cells

Phenotype A

Genotype: IAIA or IAi

Phenotype B

Genotype: IBIB or IBi

Phenotype AB blood

IAIB

Phenotype O

Genotype: ii

Autosomes

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Humans have

44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes