UTD Wilson Bio 2 Exam 1 Study Guide

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on biological concepts for the UTD Wilson Bio 2 exam.

Anatomy

The study of the structures of organisms.

Homeostasis

The stable state of the internal environment.

Internal Environment

The fluid that supplies all the needs of individual cells including nutrient supply, waste removal, and osmotic balance.

Tissue

A group of cells with the same structure and function working together as a unit to carry out specialized activities.

Organ

Integrates two or more different tissues into a structure that carries out a specific function.

Organ System

Coordinates the activities of two or more organs to carry out a major body function.

Cell Junctions

Structures that connect cells, including anchoring junctions, tight junctions, and gap junctions.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that provides protection, secretion, and absorption, typically found on surfaces.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that provides structural support and connects tissues and organs.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue that facilitates communication, coordination, and control in the body.

Microvilli

Fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that increase the area available for absorption or secretion.

Cilia

Hair-like structures that move fluids through internal cavities.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells that can divide to produce specialized cells.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete products into ducts or onto epithelial surfaces.

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that release hormones directly into the blood.

Hormone

A regulatory chemical secreted into extracellular fluid and transported by the blood.

Peptide Hormones

Hormones made of amino acid chains that act in endocrine signaling.

Steroid Hormones

Hormones derived from cholesterol that are lipophilic and bind to intracellular receptors.

Acclimatization

An alteration of the normal set point of a physiological parameter in response to environmental changes.

Oogenesis

The process of developing ova (egg cells) in females.

Spermatogenesis

The process of developing sperm cells in males.

Fertilization

The union of gametes to form a zygote.

Copulation

The act of internal fertilization where sperm is deposited near or inside the female's reproductive tract.

Rhythmic Method

A method of preventing fertilization by avoiding intercourse during fertile periods.