CHM 104 Module 2 - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from CHM 104 Module 2 notes.

Proton

Positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus (charge +1).

Neutron

Electrically neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus (charge 0).

Electron

Negatively charged subatomic particle located in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus (charge -1).

Atomic number

Number of protons in an atom; defines the element.

Mass number

Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (A).

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Isotones

Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.

Isobars

Atoms with the same mass number but different protons and neutrons.

Atomic mass

Weighted average mass of all isotopes of an element.

Nuclear symbol

Notation showing isotope composition (mass/atomic numbers and symbol).

Electron configuration

Arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals; determines chemical properties and reactivity.

Valence electrons

Electrons in the outermost shell; largely determine chemical reactivity.

Metal

Element that is typically a good conductor, malleable, and forms positive ions; located on the left side of the periodic table.

Nonmetal

Element that is typically a poor conductor; forms negative ions; located on the right side of the periodic table.

Metalloid

Element with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals; semi-conductor.

Noble gas

Group 18 elements that are chemically inert due to full valence shells.

Alkali metal

Group 1 elements; highly reactive metals with 1 valence electron.

Alkaline earth metal

Group 2 elements; reactive metals with 2 valence electrons.

Transition metal

Elements in the d-block; typically form colored compounds and multiple oxidation states.

Halogen

Group 17 nonmetals that are highly reactive.

Chalcogen

Group 16 elements (e.g., oxygen, sulfur).

Pnictogen

Group 15 elements (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus).

Strontium-88

An isotope of strontium with mass number 88 (Sr-88).

Bromine-82

An isotope of bromine with mass number 82 (Br-82).

Boron-10

An isotope of boron with mass number 10 (B-10).