Jones- Adrenal

based off pp

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex and their corresponding hormones?

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex and their corresponding hormones?

• zone glomerulosa- aldosterone

• zona fasciculata- cortisol

• zona reticularis- androgen

What 3 enzymes are important in steroid biogenesis?

11b, 21b, 17a

The first step of steroid hormone synthesis is converting cholesterol into _________________.

pregnenolone

What is a general class of hormones from the adrenal cortex that raise blood glucose?

glucocorticoids

What hormones are responsible for maintaining Na+ and ECF balance?

mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids are released because of which of the following:

SATA

a. time of day

b. stress/pain

c. growth

d. low blood sugar

a, b

Based on this chart, when is cortisol released the most?

in the morning!

________ can be formed from ATCH.

a. POMC

b. MSH

c. COOH

d. B-endorphin

b

What is the role of ACTH in steroid hormone synthesis?

activates cholesterol and increases enzyme activity to make steroid hormones

When glucocorticoids/cortisol is being transported in the plasma it’s mostly bound to what transporter?

CBG

Cortisol uses what kind of receptor?

a. nuclear

b. cytoplasmic

c. membrane

b

The main metabolic effect of glucocorticoids is to…

INCREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE

What is gluconeogenesis?

process of making glucose in the liver

What stimulates the release of aldosterone?

Ang II

Aldosterone is released because of which of the following?

a. high blood pressure

b. high plasma K+

c. high plasma Na+

b (LOW bp and LOW plasma Na+)

Androgens produce sex hormones that are responsible for what characteristics?

secondary sex characteristics

If a patient had congenital adrenal hyperplasia and had a deficiency in the 21b enzyme, what would be the glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic effect?

If a patient had congenital adrenal hyperplasia and had a deficiency in the 11b enzyme, what would be the glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic effect?

If a patient had congenital adrenal hyperplasia and had a deficiency in the 17a enzyme, what would be the glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic effect?

An injection of growth hormone will cause which of the following?

a. decreased lipolysis

b. decreased somatostatin

c. increase GnRH release

d. increase IGF-1 release

e. lower blood glucose

d

Hyposecretion of cortisol causes what disease?

Addison’s

What are the symptoms of Addison’s?

• weakness/fatigue

• stress intolerance

• hyperpigmentation (if primary)

• hyperkalemia (if primary)

• hyponatremia

• low bp

Hypersecretion of cortisol causes what syndrome?

Cushing’s

Cushing’s is most commonly caused by…

exogenous use of corticosteroids

Cushing’s symptoms:

• moon face

• buffalo hump

• osteoporosis

• muscle weakness