ap euro q1 vocab

aristocracy

group of the most wealthy and privliged

affect

to make a difference

effect

result or consequence

emperor

ruler of an empire

empire

an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress

king

highest-ranking leader of a group of people

heir

a person who inherits another's belongings

monarch

a ruler of a kingdom or empire

oligarchy

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

centralize

concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority

classical

related to the culture of ancient Greece and Rome

clergy

a body of officials who perform religious services, such as priests, ministers or rabbis.

papacy

the office or authority of the pope

crusade

holy war

culture

beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

dialect

a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.

diffusion

the process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time

democracy

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

dynasty

ruling family

post

after

pre

before

re

again

republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting

rural

county

serf

a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

simony

the selling of church offices

theocracy

a government controlled by religious leaders

excommunicate

cast out of the church

feudalism

the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.

heresy

against orthodox opinion

humanism

a belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity

secularism

a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations.

vernacularism

use of common language that aligns with the country

congress

the national legislative body of a country

senators

members of senate

representatives

people who are chosen to speak and act for their fellow citizens in government

executive branch

the branch of government that carries out laws

legislative branch

the branch of government that makes the laws

judicial branch

interprets the laws

nepotism

favoritism shown to family or friends by those in power

consolidate

to combine

protestant

christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches

anglican

relating to the church of england

chronological

arranged in order of time

continuity

the tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern

differentiate

to distinguish, to make different

distinguish between

tell the difference between two or more things

embraced

take in ideas happily

benelovent

kind

tone

the writers attitude in a piece

analyze

to look at something carefully by attention to its parts

evaluate

examine and judge carefully.

summarize

to sum up

social history

the history of people

era

period of time