AP Gov Court Cases (Shortened Version)

Mapp v. Ohio

evidence obtained without a warrant cannot be used against you in court; est. the exclusionary rule

4th amendment

Brown v. Board of Education

you cant segregate public schools. Overturned Plessy case.

14th; Equal protection

Plessy v. Ferguson

Est. the "Separate but Equal" doctrine that allowed for accommodations to be racially segregates as long as they did not violate the Equal Protection Clause

14th; Equal protection

New York Times v. US

Pentagon papers were printed; This was ruled okay. Classified docs can be printed in paper.

1st amendment

Gideon v. Wainwright

state courts are required to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable to pay their own attorneys

6th via the 14th

Marbury v. Madison

first case to use judicial review (est. it)

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McCulloch v. Maryland

strengthened federal authority; states are unable to tax federal institutions

supremacy clause

Miranda v. Arizona

Miranda warnings must be given before questioning

5th via 14th due process

Barron v. Baltimore

the bill of rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities

5th amendment (eminent domain)

Reynolds v. US

1st amendment did not protect religious practices (in this case, polygamy) that violated the law

1st amendment

Schenck v. United States

freedom of speech can be limited when speech affects national security (fire in theater); clear and present danger

1st amendment

Tinker v. Des Moines

students have the right to protest (wore armbands to protest Vietnam War)

1st amendment

Texas v. Johnson

burning the flag is protected under the 1st amendment as a form of free speech

1st amendment

US v. Nixon

President can not use executive privilege to withhold information to cover up a crime; no person is above the law

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Engel v. Vitale

prohibited state-sponsored prayer in public schools

1st amendment

Citizens United v. FEC

the government cannot place limits on independent spending for political purposes that are given by corporations and unions

1st amendment

Roe v. Wade

est. national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines

9th amendment (privacy)

McDonald v. Chicago

states/local gov cant ban guns outright

2nd amendment

Shaw v. Reno

no racial gerrymandering; race can't play huge factor in district lines

14th amendment equal protection

US v. Lopez

the Gun Free School Zone Act exceeded congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce

commerce clause

Obergefell v. Hodges

right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples in all states

14th; Equal protection

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Amish don't have to send their kids to school after 8th grade

1st amendment

Baker v. Carr

"one man one vote" (form state districts fairly... no malapportionment)

14th; Equal protection