Lysosomes Lecture Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key concepts related to lysosomes and associated diseases.

Lysosome

A small, spherical, and membrane-enclosed organelle that acts as the digestive system of cells.

Suicidal bag of the cell

The role of lysosomes in destroying all biological polymers.

Hydrolases

Enzymes within lysosomes that work at acidic pH (pH5.0) to catalyze the breakdown of substances.

pH5.0

The acidic pH at which lysosomal enzymes function.

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

A process by which liver cells engulf materials via specially coated vesicles.

Phagocytosis

The process by which white blood cells (WBC) ingest and destroy pathogens.

Autophagosome

A vesicle that carries cellular debris to lysosomes for degradation.

Tay-Sachs Disease

An autosomal recessive disorder caused by HEXAMINIDASE-A mutation leading to GM2 ganglioside accumulation.

Fabry's Disease

An X-linked recessive disorder associated with α-Galactosidase deficiency, leading to ceramide trihexoside accumulation.

Gaucher's Disease

An autosomal recessive disorder caused by the lack of β-glucocerebrosidase leading to glucocerebroside accumulation.

Niemann-Pick Disease

An autosomal recessive disorder caused by sphingomyelinase deficiency leading to sphingomyelin accumulation.

Pompe Disease (not mentioned but implied in the context)

A genetic disorder caused by the buildup of glycogen due to inability to break it down in lysosomes.