Untitled Flashcards Set

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Naval strategist who emphasized the importance of sea power in national strength.

Queen Liliuokalani

Last monarch of Hawaii, overthrown by U.S.-backed forces in 1893.

Pan-American Conference

Meetings to improve relations and economic ties between the U.S. and Latin America.

Jingoism

Aggressive nationalism favoring an assertive foreign policy.

Cuban Revolt

Cuban uprising against Spanish rule, which led to U.S. intervention.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalized news that exaggerated events to sway public opinion.

De Lome Letter

A letter criticizing President McKinley, fueling U.S. tensions with Spain.

Teller Amendment

Stated the U.S. would not annex Cuba after the Spanish-American War.

Platt Amendment

Allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba and control over Cuban foreign policy.

Sphere of Influence

Areas where foreign powers controlled trade and investment.

George Dewey

U.S. naval commander who won the Battle of Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino leader who fought against Spain and later the U.S.

Rough Riders

Volunteer cavalry led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish-American War.

Hawaii

Annexed by the U.S. in 1898 for its strategic and economic value.

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president, known for the Roosevelt Corollary and Big Stick Diplomacy.

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy advocating equal trade opportunities in China.

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreigner uprising in China, suppressed by international forces.

Panama Canal

Waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific, built by the U.S.

William Howard Taft

27th president, known for Dollar Diplomacy.

Dollar Diplomacy

Using economic investment to extend U.S. influence abroad.

Roosevelt Corollary

Extension of the Monroe Doctrine, allowing U.S. intervention in Latin America.

Russo-Japanese War

Conflict between Russia and Japan; Roosevelt brokered the peace treaty.

Puerto Rico

Gained by the U.S. from Spain; later granted self-government.

Woodrow Wilson

28th president, known for Moral Diplomacy and leading the U.S. into WWI.

Moral Diplomacy

Wilson’s policy promoting democracy and moral leadership in foreign affairs.

Pragmatism

Philosophy emphasizing practical solutions over ideals.

Ida Tarbell

Muckraker journalist who exposed Standard Oil’s monopoly.

Jacob Riis

Photographer and journalist who exposed urban poverty in How the Other Half Lives.

Muckrakers

Investigative journalists exposing corruption and social issues.

Florence Kelley

Social reformer advocating for labor rights and child labor laws.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Tragic factory fire that led to improved workplace safety laws.

16th Amendment

Established a federal income tax.

17th Amendment

Allowed direct election of U.S. senators.

18th Amendment

Prohibited alcohol (Prohibition).

Square Deal

Roosevelt’s domestic policy focusing on consumer protection and labor rights.

Mann-Elkins Act

Strengthened regulation of railroads and telecommunications.

The Jungle (Upton Sinclair)

Exposed the unsanitary meatpacking industry, leading to food safety laws.

“Bull Moose” Party

Progressive Party led by Roosevelt in the 1912 election.

Booker T. Washington

Black leader advocating for vocational education and economic progress.

W.E.B. Du Bois

Civil rights leader advocating for immediate racial equality.

NAACP

Organization fighting for African American civil rights.

Alice Paul

Women’s rights activist and leader in the fight for suffrage.

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.

Lusitania

British ship sunk by a German U-boat, killing Americans and escalating tensions.

Preparedness

U.S. movement advocating military readiness before entering WWI.

Zimmerman Telegram

German message urging Mexico to join the war against the U.S.

John J. Pershing

Commander of U.S. forces in WWI.

George Creel

Led the Committee on Public Information to promote pro-war propaganda.

Bolsheviks

Russian communist revolutionaries who took power in 1917.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s peace plan promoting self-determination and the League of Nations.

League of Nations

International organization to maintain peace; the U.S. did not join.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

Self-determination

The right of people to govern themselves.

Reparations

Payments imposed on Germany after WWI.

Mobilization

Organizing resources for war.

Liberty Bonds

Government bonds used to finance WWI.

Spanish Flu

1918 pandemic that killed millions.

Schenck v. U.S.

Supreme Court case limiting free speech during wartime.

Selective Service Act

Established the WWI draft.

The Red Scare (1st)

Fear of communism after WWI.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant sentiment.

Sacco & Vanzetti

Immigrant anarchists executed amid controversy.

The Great Migration

Movement of Black Americans from the South to Northern cities.

Fundamentalism

Religious movement favoring literal interpretation of the Bible.

Traditionalism

Cultural conservatism opposing modern changes.

Henry Ford

Revolutionized manufacturing with the assembly line.

Assembly Line Process

Mass production technique.

Art Deco

Stylish modernist architectural design.

Charles Lindbergh

First solo flight across the Atlantic.

Modernism

Embracing new cultural and artistic movements.

Scopes Trial

Debate over evolution in schools.

“Scarface” Al Capone

Famous Prohibition-era gangster.

Margaret Sanger

Advocate for birth control.

Harlem Renaissance

Black cultural movement in the 1920s.

“Jazz Age”

1920s era of jazz music and cultural change.

Marcus Garvey

Leader of the Back-to-Africa movement.

Warren G. Harding

President promoting “Return to Normalcy.”

Teapot Dome

Corruption scandal in Harding’s administration.

Great Depression

Economic collapse of the 1930s.

New Deal Programs

Government efforts to end the Great Depression.

Pearl Harbor

Japanese attack bringing the U.S. into WWII.

D-Day

Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied France.

Atomic Weapons

Developed in the Manhattan Project, used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to end WWII.

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

Aimed to reduce agricultural overproduction by paying farmers to cut back on crop and livestock production, helping to raise prices.

PWA (Public Works Administration)

Funded large-scale public works projects like bridges, dams, and schools to create jobs and stimulate the economy.

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

Provided young men with jobs related to environmental conservation, such as planting trees, building trails, and fighting wildfires.

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)

Built dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to control flooding, provide electricity, and boost economic development.

NRA (National Recovery Administration)

Created codes for fair wages, hours, and prices in various industries to help businesses recover; later declared unconstitutional.

SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)

Regulated the stock market to prevent fraud and abuses that led to the 1929 crash.

FHA (Federal Housing Administration)

Provided mortgage insurance and low-interest loans to encourage home ownership and construction.

CWA (Civil Works Administration)

Created temporary jobs for millions of unemployed workers on public projects like roads and schools during the winter of 1933-34.

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

The largest New Deal agency, it provided jobs in public works, arts, and education, employing millions in projects ranging from construction to theater productions.