Patho Exam 1

Pathology

branch of medicine that investigates the structure and functional changes in the body caused by a disease

Disease

a condition that disrupts normal bodily functions, often resulting in specific signs and symptoms.

Illness

a patients subject response to not feeling well

Etiology

study of what causes diseases

Pathogenesis

how a disease developes

Pathogen

mircroorganism that causes disease

Diagnosis

identifying a disease of condition

Prognosis

the probable course/ outcome of disease, what is the recovery rate

What are signs?

measurable objective indicators of disease

What are sympotoms?

subjective feeling of an illness

What is an acute condition?

a condition that has rapid onset, short duration, full recovery

What is a subacute condition?

a condition the transitions from from acute, may last a few days to month

What is a chronic condition?

a condition that last months to years and can have permanent

What are the levels of prevention?

primary: reducing risk factor

secondary: promotes early detection

teritary: focus on limiting the existance

What is an infection?

when bad stuff get in the body

What is virulence?

measures the fatality rate

What is colonization?

when a person is infected but shows no signs or symptoms

What is communicability?

the ability to infect others

What are the modes of transmission of diseases?

contact: touch

airborne: in the air

droplet

vehicle

vector-borne: insect

What are drug resistant bacterias?

C.diff: transmission: feces, risk factor: long term care, overuse of antibiotics

VRE: transmission contact of surfaces, risk factor: long term care, suppresses immune system

MRSA: transmission: through broken skin, risk factor: 13% of nosocomial infections

Multi- drug resistant: transmission: lives on surfaces, risk factor: nosocomial

What is homeostasic?

Maintaining constant medical conditions

What is pharmodynamics?

How the drug effects the body

What is pharmacokinetics?

What the body does to the drug

What is indications?

appropriate for treatment

What is contraindications?

what could make it worse

What is it meant to by polypharmacy?

multiple drugs are consumed

What does it mean if someone has a dependence to a drug?

they rely on the drug

What is an addication?

continuous use of drug

What do corticosteriods treat?

inflammation

What is a digoxin?

a cardiac drug, it reduces blood volume

What is an antibitotic?

kills infection good and bad bacteria

What are anticoagulants?

blood thinner, stop blood from clotting and can lead to brusing

What does apsririn do?

things blood

What is a tranquilizer?

knockout drug

What are sedatives?

clams the mind

What are antaacids?

acid reflexs

What is antihypertensive?

blood pressure drug, lowers blood pressure

What is an immunosuppressant?

weakens the immune system

What are diurectics?

Makes you pee

What do pain meds do?

make you feel good can lead to slower breathing

What are NSAID?

reduces inflammation

What are fibronectin?

glue like- blood clotting

What do fibroblasts do?

give elasticity

What do macrophages do?

they eat the bad stuff

What does vasodilation mean?

increases the vessel size

What is ischemia?

not enough blood

What is the first stage of healing?

hemostasis/degeneration

onset: immediate, fibroblasts stop the bleeding

What is the second stage of healing?

inflammation

onset: 0-3-6 days macrophages eat the bad stuff

What are the 4 signs of inflantion?

redness(erythema)

swelling

pain

hot

What is the third stage of healing?

proliforation/migration

onset: 3-21 days good stuff comes in and gives life

What is the fourth stage of healing?

remodeling/maturation

onset: 9 days to 21 months tissue repairs and remodels