Introduction to Sociology

These flashcards cover key concepts and theories in sociology as discussed in the lecture notes.

What is sociology?

The scientific study of society, focusing on social interaction and social institutions.

What distinguishes sociology from common sense?

Sociology is evidence-based and relies on systematic research, while common sense is often based on personal experience and assumptions.

Who is considered the founder of sociology?

Auguste Comte.

What is the concept of social facts introduced by Emile Durkheim?

Social facts are patterns of behavior, norms, and values that exist outside of individuals and hold society together.

What is the sociological imagination?

A foundational concept by C. Wright Mills that links personal troubles with public issues and emphasizes the role of societal structures.

What are the three main levels of analysis in sociology?

Macro (large scale structures), Micro (small scale interactions), and the different questions and explanations each provides.

What does functionalism focus on in society?

It views society as a system of interdependent parts that work together for stability.

What is the core assumption of conflict theory?

It emphasizes power, inequality, and competition among different groups in society.

What is symbolic interactionism?

A perspective that focuses on the meanings, interactions, and symbols in social life.

What ethical principles should be maintained in sociological research?

Informed consent, confidentiality, and avoidance of harm.

What distinguishes quantitative methods from qualitative methods in sociology?

Quantitative methods use numerical data for analysis, while qualitative methods focus on depth through interviews and observations.

What is the importance of the scientific method in sociological research?

It reduces bias and increases reliability of findings.

What is the significance of social solidarity and anomie in sociology?

Social solidarity refers to feeling connected to society, while anomie is a state of normlessness leading to isolation and despair.

How does sociology inform policy and critical thinking?

It explains social problems, such as inequality, and encourages analytical thinking about social issues.

What is alienation according to Karl Marx?

A feeling of disconnection from one's labor and its product, leading to a sense of loss of personal fulfillment.