Module 6-8 AP HUG Terms BCHS

Population Distribution

How humans spread out into the population

Eurasia

The continents of Europe and Asia as a whole

Ecumene

The portion of the Earth's surface that is permanently inhabited by humans for permanent settlement and economic purposes, including agriculture.

Population Clusters

a pattern of population distribution where individuals and groups are densely concentrated in a specific geographical area, rather than being evenly dispersed, often due to factors like fertile land, natural resources, and economic opportunities

Megacity

An urban area with a population with 10m or more

Metacity

An urban area exceeding the population greater than 20m

Developed Country

A country with high economic growth, industrialization, advanced tech, and standard of living

Developing Country

A country with lower economic growth, industrialization, advanced tech, and standard of living

Snowbelt

A geographical region located downwind of a great body of water that receives a large amount of snow-effect snow

Sunbelt

A us region primarily in the south that is characterized by warm climate and rapid population.

Mean Center of Population

the point where a flat, weightless map of a country would balance perfectly if each resident had equal weight, representing the average location of the population

Population Density

A measure/number of people living in a area

Arithmetic Density

The calculation of the average number of people per unit of land area

Physiological Density

The number of people per unit area of ARABLE LAND

Arable Land

Land that is suitable for crops

Agricultural Density

Measure of farmers per unit of arable land

Carrying Capacity

The maximum amount of people an environment can sustain with it's given resources and technology

Population Composition

refers to the characteristics of a population, such as its age structure, sex ratio, and ethnic diversity

Age Structure

describes the distribution of age groups within a population, typically visualized by a population pyramid

Dependency Ratio

a statistic that measures the economic burden on a working-age population by comparing the number of dependents (children and the elderly) to the number of people in the working-age population

Youth Dependency Ratio

measures the proportion of a population under 15 years old relative to the working-age population

Elderly Dependency

compares the number of people aged 65 and older to the working-age population (typically 15-64)

Ratio Generations

refers to comparing different demographic generations through ratios like the dependency ratio (the ratio of dependents to the working-age population) and the sex ratio (the ratio of males to females) to understand population structure, economic burdens, and potential future needs

Baby Boomers

large demographic cohort born in the U.S. between 1946 and 1964

Generation X

the demographic cohort born roughly between 1965 and 1980, following the Baby Boom generation

Generation Y

typically includes individuals born in the U.S. between 1980 and 2001.

Generation Z

(born roughly 1997-2012) represents the current demographic most likely to be studying the subject, characterized by their digital nativity, diverse backgrounds, and engagement with global issues

Sex Ratio

the number of males per 100 females in a population

Androcentrism

a cultural perspective that regards male experiences, viewpoints, and interests as the central norm, often to the exclusion or marginalization of women's and other perspectives

Infanticide

the deliberate killing of an infant, most notably female infanticide, which occurs due to a cultural preference for male children and often results in significant gender imbalances

Population Pyramid

a bar graph that shows the age and sex distribution of a population, revealing trends in birth rates, death rates, and overall growth or decline

Demographic Equation

add the total number of births and in-migrants during a period (usually a year) to the beginning-of-the-period population, and subtract the total numbers of deaths and out-migrants during the same period

Crude Birth Rate

The annual statistic representing the total number of live births per 1,000 people in a population

Low Birth Rate

an annual statistic indicating a number (10-20) of live births per 1,000 people in a population

Transitional Birth Rate

the decline in a country's birth rate as it moves through the stages of economic development, particularly from the high birth rates of the pre-industrial era to the lower rates of more industrialized societies

High Birth Rate

a number of live (Over 30) births per 1,000 people in a population within a given year

Total Fertility Rate

the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime if she lived to the end of her childbearing years and continued to have children at the same rate as currently observed

Replacement Level

the total fertility rate (TFR) at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without accounting for migration

Fertility

the capacity of a population to produce offspring

Gender Roles

the culturally defined expectations and behaviors society places on individuals based on their perceived gender, influencing everything from family responsibilities and work opportunities to social interactions and public space use

Crude Death Rate

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people in a population

Infant Mortality Rate

a demographic indicator that measures the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given population over a specific time period, typically a year

Child Mortality

the number of deaths of children, typically under the age of five, within a specific population over a given time, usually expressed per 1,000 live births

Rate of Natural Increase

the annual percentage growth rate of a population, calculated by subtracting the crude death rate (CDR) from the crude birth rate (CBR) and then converting the result to a percentage, excluding the effects of migration

Zero Population Growth

a state where a population's size remains stable, meaning the number of births plus immigration equals the number of deaths plus emigration over a given period, resulting in a 0% population growth rate

Doubling Time

the number of years it takes for a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate of natural increase (RNI) and exponential growth

Rule of  70

an easy way to estimate the time it takes for a quantity growing at a constant rate to double [ = 70 / (Growth Rate as a percentage)]

Population projection

Estimate of the population in the future

population EXPLOSION

Rapid/sudden rise in human population size