GLOBALIZATION PRELIM

Economic Imperialism

One nation assumes economic power or influence over others.

Westernization and Americanization

Adopting ideas characteristic of the West and North America, often neglecting traditional cultural practices.

Globalization

A complex phenomenon that is difficult to understand and encompasses various dimensions.

Reich (1988)

Describes globalization as having an obscure meaning.

Schottle (1995)

Identifies globalization as a defining term of 20th-century social consciousness with a large public spread.

Rosenau (1996)

Distinguishes globalization from globalism.

McGrew (1990)

Defines globalization as interconnectedness that transcends nation-states.

Cerny (1997)

Describes globalization as a cluster of economic and political frameworks.

21st Century Perspectives

Some scholars view globalization as a process, others as a condition, and some as an ideology.

Freeden (2003)

Refers to globalization as a range of processes under a complex term.

Appadurai (1996)

Identifies five dimensions of global cultural flow:ethnoscapes, technoscapes, mediascapes, financescapes, ideoscapes.

Steger (2005 & 2014a)

Suggests globalization should be seen as intricate social processes that modify social statuses.

Steger (2005)

Defines globalization as a condition, with globality representing a "future social condition."

Gerring (1997)

Defines globalization as an ideology.

Steger (2014b)

Describes ideology as a system of widely shared ideas, beliefs, norms, and accepted truths.

Core Claims of Globalization

Includes liberalization of markets, inevitability, lack of control, universal benefits, and promotion of democracy.

Economic Organizations

Key institutions include IMF, World Bank, WTO, ILO, and EFTA.

Global Village

Concept referring to the interconnectedness of the world, as proposed by McLuhan (1964).

Stegers (2013)

Defines globalization as the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across time and space.

Attributes of Globalization

Includes various forms of connectivity (political, economic, cultural), expansion of social relations, and acceleration of social exchange and activities.