Bony Pelvis and Pelvic Floor

ox coxae

hip bones

3 bones fused together, anteriorly connected at the pubic symphysis and posteriorly at the sacrum

bony pelvis

2 coxal bones, sacrum, coccyx

ilium

weight bearing during sitting

pubis

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

iliac crest

upper margin of iliac bones

posterior superior iliac spine

the sharp posterior end of the iliac crest

posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

a bony projection located inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine

anterior superior iliac spine

origin of sartorius

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

origin of rectus femoris

iliac fossa

The broad, slightly concave inner surface of the ilium.

Acetabulum

large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

acetabular notch

deep notch in the inferior part of the brim

greater sciatic notch

allows blood vessels and the large sciatic nerve to pass from the pelvis posteriorly into the thigh

ischial tuberosity

receives the weight of the body when sitting

body of ischium

Makes up all of the ischium superior to the tuberosity

ramus of ischium

joins the inferior ramus of the pubis anteriorly

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

body of pubis

origin of adductor longus

arcuate line

a ridge of bone that runs inferiorly and anteriorly from the auricular surface, forms pelvic brim

iliopubic eminence

marks the point of union of the ilium and the pubis just lateral to the arcuate line

pubic tubercle

An attachment point for the inguinal ligament.

superior ramus of pubis

origin of pectineus

inferior ramus of pubis

origin of adductor brevis

pubic symphysis

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones fuse together

pelvic floor

The muscular base of the abdomen attached to the pelvis, supports pelvic organs, influence urination, defecation, sexual function

levator ani muscles

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

urethral canal

lumen of urethra that drains urine from bladder in male and female, and semen from reproductive system in male

hiatuses in pelvic floor

urethral canal, rectal canal, vaginal canal

rectal canal

Most posterior opening in the pelvic floor, bordered by puborectalis

vaginal canal

middle opening in the pelvic floor that allows passage of the fetus during birth

How can the pelvic floor be exercised?

since control is voluntary, kegal exercises and control of urine can be practiced

pelvic diaphragm (proper)

levator ani and coccygeus

pelvic diaphragm (all groups)

includes pelvic diaphragm proper, urogenital diaphragm, sphincters and erectile muscles of urogenital tract

Puborectalis

O: anteriorly, from pubic symphysis

I: posteriorly, around anorectal junction

A: inhibits and also aids in defecation, and flatulence

What is the result of damage to puborectalis?

involuntary farting and defecation

Pubococcygeus

O: pubic bone (lateral to puborectalis)

I: coccyx

A: controls urine flow, contracts during orgasm

pelvic floor injury

-extremely common consequence of vaginal delivery

-puborectalis and pubococcygeus are most common muscles damaged, causing incontinence and sexual dysfunction

fundus of uterus

Most superior & widest portion of uterus, used to track fetal development based on position

What are common symptoms that arise from the fetus compressing abdominal organs?

shortness of breath, heartburn, reduced stomach capacity, issues moving chyme/feces