Carbon-based Molecules Overview

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering essential concepts related to carbon-based molecules as discussed in class.

Monosaccharide

The simplest form of carbohydrates, typically containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms.

Disaccharide

Carbohydrates formed by the joining of two monosaccharides.

Polysaccharide

Carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides.

Lipid

A group of hydrophobic biological molecules that includes fats, oils, and phospholipids.

Saturated Fatty Acid

A type of fatty acid where all carbon bonds are single.

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A type of fatty acid that contains one or more double or triple carbon bonds.

Phospholipid

A molecule that is a major component of cell membranes, containing a glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Steroid

Lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings, functioning as chemical messengers.

Amino Acid

Organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins, comprising an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.

Peptide Bond

The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.

Nucleotide

The monomer of nucleic acids, composed of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in organisms.

RNA

Ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid that plays a role in the synthesis of proteins.

Covalent Bond

A strong bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Hydrogen Bond

A weak bond formed when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom.