Development Dynamic

GDP

The total value of goods and services produced by a country annually.

HDI

Measures development on a scale of 0 to 1 based of mulitple factors such as: education, healthcare, income, life expectancy and others.

CPI

Measures how corrupt a country is. Ranges from 0 - 100 (100 being least corrupt).

Gini Coefficient

Measures how much of the countries income goes to the richest people in that country. 1 means all of it go to the richest people.

Demographic

Geography that is about population.

Population structure

number/proportion of males and females for each age group.

Birth rate

Number of live births per 1000 people / year.

Death rate

Number of deaths per 1000 / year.

Maternal mortality

Number of mothers per 100 000 who die in childbirth.

Dependency ration

Proportion of below not in working age (0-14 years) and (65+) / working population *100

fertility rate

Average number of births per woman.

Infant mortality

Number of children per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday.

Life expectany

Average number of years and months a person can expect to live.

Why are women so important in development in a country?

• less educated women tend to have more children

  • This leads to more money needs to be spent in support for healthcare, education and housing.

• If women are well educated they can improve the learning of children when they are home.

What is the brant line?

A line seperating the devloped countries from developing countries on the world map, stating that the countries south of the world are less developed than the north.

Development gap

The difference between the irch and poor

Absolute Poverty

Where people struggle to survive day to day

Relative poverty

When people are less wealthy than the majority of people (can’t afford a normal living pattern).

Reasons for a development gap

• Colonialism

• International relations

• Trade blocs

• Natural resources

• Topography and climate

• Systems of governance

The top 20% of the world’s countries own ___% of the worlds wealth

82.8%

Barriers to development (Malawi)

• Landlocked

• Rural isolation

• Climate Change

• Increased Pollution

Rostovs Development Theory

Franks dependacy Theory

Periphery

Countries of low development.

• Cannot sell many processed goods - tariffs are put on them.

• Core gives aid, but then forces them to buy something they dont want - tied aid

• Little amounts of factories

Semi-periphery

More developed than periphery (emerging)

• Core gives aid, but then forces them to buy something they dont want - tied aid

• Factories manufacture goods at low costs

• Good transport links

• Reliable electricity

• Power over periphery, but not the core

Core

Very delveoped country that the periphery depends upon.

• Buy raw materials off periphery and process it for lots of profit.

• Give loans to Periphery/Semi-periphery, but charge interest

Globalisation

Where people and places become more connected over time.

Reasons for Globalisation

• Technology and the internet

  • People can manage businesses overseas on the internet.

• Transport and containerisation

  • More goods can be imported/exported

• TNCs

  • Keep wage costs low to gain more profits. Locate in developing/emerging countries.

• Trade Blocs

  • Tariffs on import/exports from a group of countries (e.g. EU).

Why do some countries benefit mre from globalisatin?

• International Relations

• Geographical location

• Colonialism

• Neo-Colonialism

  • (Taking advantage by buying rawe materials then selling processed goods back for a higher price).

• Environmental Challenges

NGO

Non-Governmental organisation

IGO

Inter-Governmental Organisation

Intermediate Technology

Technology that is appropriate - suitable for their needs.

Low-Tech soloutions

Local materials and labour

Local Expertise

Top Down

Where decisions are made by governments/large companies and forced on people

Bottom Up

Where decisions are made by local communities/people abd local people work together to make it happen.

FDI

Foreign Direct Income

Poverty Cycle