Topic 2: Covalent bonding

Define covalent bonding!

The sharing of outer electrons in order for atoms to obtain a full shell. There is an electrostatic attraction between shared electrons and positive nucleus.

What is dative covalent bonding?

When one atom donates 2 of its own electrons to another atom or ion to form a covalent bond

What are examples of dative covalent molecules? (Draw them out)

How does bond length affect bond enthalpy?

The shorter the bond the higher the bond enthalpy

Out of these carbon to carbon bonds, which one has the highest bond enthalpy and why?

Triple bond C has highest bond enthalpy (attractive force refers to the  electrostatic attraction between shared electrons and the positive nucleus)

Why do 2 C-C have a stronger bond enthalpy than C=C?

2 C-C bonds are stronger as they contain 2 sigma bonds rather than C=C bond which contains a sigma and pi bond

What is stronger, sigma or pi bond?

Sigma bond

What bonds are present in simple molecules?

London forces

In general for giant covalent structures, what is its structure, solubility, conductivity and melting point? When possible explain the reasoning behind certain properties

Describe: structure, conductivity, solubility and other properties of graphite and explain why when possible

Describe the properties of graphene

Describe structure, conductivity and solubility of diamond and silicon dioxide?