chem stu guide 1

What is the study of matter and the changes that it undergoes?

chemistry

When a scientist explores nature simply to learn more about the world in which we live, he is performing

science.

 **pure**

What do we call the perspective from which we see and interpret all of life?

 **worldview**

Scientific models may be expressed as

\
physical representations

mathematical formulas

pictures

(all of the above)

Physical, descriptive, or mathematical representations that characterize a system or explain a phenomenon are called scientific

models

 All scientists approach their work with a certain (blank) , which is the perspective from which they see and interpret all of life.

worldview

For a model to be useful it must

 be workable

An idea assumed to be true that is based on one's worldview is

a presupposition

Which of the following statements shows a naturalistic worldview?

Science can ultimately explain everything we see in this world.

The Creation Mandate is given in the book of

Genesis

Which of the following activities can be a fulfillment

of the Creation Mandate?

developing a malaria vaccine

creating stain-resistant fabrics

breeding disease-resistant plants

(all of the above)

evaluate the statement “scientific models reveal what is true about the world”

This statement is false because the goal of science is workability, not establishing truth.

Which of the following is *not* a way that Christians are guided by ethical decision making in the study of chemistry?

 by understanding that correct models are true

The mass of a crystal as measured on a balance would be an example of (blank) data.

 quantitative

Information that consists of descriptions and not numerical values is called (blank) data.

qualitative

Which of the following is a type of quantitative data?

 mass

Scientific inquiry begins with

observation

A scientist observes and then recognizes that there is a scientific problem or (blank) that needs to be solved.

question

What is a scientific hypothesis?

a suggested explanation for a scientific question

What is the name given to the process that scientists use to identify a problem or question, form a hypothesis, test it, and evaluate the results?

scientific inquiry

Scientists classify matter on the basis of its physical and (blank) properties.

\
**chemical**

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

a metal being hammered into a sheet

A rock weighs more than a piece of foam, even if the foam is twice the volume of the rock. What property of matter does this illustrate?

density

Which term describes the ability of a material to be drawn into a wire?

ductility

Copper is used more often than aluminum for electric wires. More than anything else, this suggests that copper is (blank) than aluminum.

more conductive

The gold that covers the 650 m2 dome of the Colorado state capitol building could be crumpled into a ball less than 7 cm in diameter. What property of matter does this illustrate?

 malleability

A material that has a high level of malleability will probably have a high level of

ductility

The amount of matter packed into a given volume determines its

density

A log burns, creating heat, which evaporates water in a kettle. This is an example of

both a physical change and a chemical change

All of matter can be divided into two categories: pure substances and

mixtures

 A homogeneous mixture is also called a(n)

solution

The air we breathe is classified as

a solution

What is one way that a mixture *cannot* be separated?

suspending

A pure substance that consists of only one kind of atom is a(n)

element

 Iron (Fe) is a

 monatomic element

Oxygen (O2) is a

diatomic element

. Pure water is a

compound

 Chemical formulas represent

compounds

In the formula Mg(OH)2, the numeral 2 is called a

subscript

How many hydrogen atoms are in the chemical formula H2O?

2

How many atoms of oxygen are there in a molecule of penicillin G (C16H18N2O4S)?

4

How many atoms of sulfur are present in Al2(SO4)3?

 3

 How many atoms of oxygen are present in Al2(SO4)3?

12

What unit is used to measure both energy and work?

joule

Which of the following is *not* one of the six common forms of energy?

dynamic

The first law of thermodynamics is also called the law of  .

conservation of mass-energy

The measure of the dispersal of energy in a system is known as

entropy

The energy in a system becomes less usable when energy

increases.

 Heat is the term used for the movement of (blank) energy.

thermal

Chemical and physical processes that absorb thermal energy are called (blank) processes.

endothermic

The freezing point of nitrogen is –210 °C. What is the temperature in kelvins?

63 K

Dry ice has a temperature of 196 K. What is the temperature of dry ice on the Celsius scale?

 –77 °C

The kinetic-molecular theory is a model that describes the (blank) of particles in matter.

movement

Which of the following is *not* a characteristic of solids?

ease of compressibility

Which form of matter has fast-moving and widely spaced particles?

. gas

Which form of matter best describes molten lead?

\
**liquid**

Which state of matter exists in stars?

 plasma

A substance can experience a change of state as (blank) energy is added to or removed from it.

thermal

After boiling water for a long period of time, you notice that the water level has decreased, indicating that

(blank )has occurred.

vaporization

 When water vapor forms dew on the grass, (blank) has occurred.

condensation

The disappearance of dry ice left out in a dish is an example of

sublimation

Physical properties can be measured or observed without changing the actual composition of the material. true or false?

True

A compound is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. true or false?

False

Which of the following was a belief that matter was made of separate, discrete particles?

\
**the continuous theory of matter**

Who was the first to refer to matter as being made of discrete particles?

Democritus

Which of the following refers to a relationship in which masses of elements can combine to form a particular ratio that can be reduced to small, whole numbers?

the law of multiple proportions

The fact that any sample of water contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen illustrates

the law of definite proportion

Which of the following chemists' experimentations with compounds eventually led to the formulation of the law of definite proportion?

Joseph Proust

\
Who concluded that atoms of different elements have different masses and thereby helped to advance the study of chemistry?

John Dalton

 J. J. Thomson's cathode rays were composed of

Electrons

J. J. Thomson concluded that every atom contained small, (blank) particles.

negatively charged

Who formulated a new atomic model because of discoveries made during an alpha particle experiment?

Ernest Rutherford

The experiment in which alpha particles were deflected by gold foil was conducted by

Ernest Rutherford

Rutherford's experiments with alpha particles helped scientists to understand more about the inner parts of the

 **atom**

Who first identified and named the proton?

Ernest Rutherford

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is its

atomic number

\
Who is credited with the discovery of the neutron?

James Chadwick

Changes were made to Rutherford's atomic model to include the addition of

\
**neutrons**

 In atomic notation, *Z* represents the number of (blank) in an atom.

protons

Whose work helped to explain line spectra?

Niels Bohr