Mosby's Dental hygiene board review

Which paired muscle covers most of the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible?

Masseter

The fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of bone is called the

periosteum

What is the purpose of the synovial membrane in a synovial joint?

Secrete fluid into the joint cavity

Which component of a nerve conducts impulses

Dendrite

Which spinal vertebrae fuse together form triangular mass?

Sacral

The ophthalmic nerve is the first division of the fifth cranial nerve (V), the trigeminal nerve. The maxillary nerve is the second division of the trigeminal nerve.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which injections technique would be used to achieve anesthesia of teeth # 15 and # 16?

Posterosuperior alveolar block

The infraorbital foramen is located in which bone?

Maxilla

All of the following are foramina in the sphenoid bone EXCEPT the

A. Incisive papilla

B. Superior orbital fissure

A. incisive foramen

Which muscle retracts the tongue?

Styloglossus

Which plane of dissection divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

Frontal

Teeth # 3 and # 14 are

contralateral to each other

The following characteristics describe muscle tissue EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Each muscle has two ends

B. Muscle cells are called sarcomeres

B. Muscle cells are called sarcomeres.

Which lymph nodes drain both sides of the chin, the lower lip, the floor of the mandibular incisors?

Submental

Which endocrine gland matures T-lymphocytes for the immune system and undergoes involution (reduces in size) after puberty?

Thymus

The corrugator supercilii is a muscle of facial expression in which region?

Eye

Which muscle elevates the mandible?

Medial pterygoid

Which muscle originates from the alveolar process the maxilla, the alveolar process of the mandible, and the pterygomandibular raphe?

Buccinator

Which part of the brain homeostasis?

Hypothalamus

Which branch of the trigeminal nerve contains both sensory and motor components?

Mandibular V3

Which of the following are divisions or systems of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic system, parasympathetic system

Which cranial provides parasympathetic innervation to the cardiac muscles, thymus, and stomach?

X

Which of the following is NOT innervated by the middle superior alveolar nerve?

Distobuccal root of tooth # 2

The muscles of facial expression innervated by which nerve?

VII

Which vein receives blood flow from the superficial temporal vein and the facial vein and drains into the external jugular vein?

Retromandibular

The articulation of the temporomandibular joint involves which two bones?

Temporal bone , mandibular condyles

Which artery supplies the mandibular teeth and the surrounding tissues with blood?

Inferior alveolar

Which major artery supplies the brain with blood and is palpated during emergency situations?

Common carotid

Which artery is the source of the ophthalmic artery, has NO branches, and is located deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Internal carotid

The facial artery is a direct branch of which main artery?

External carotid

Which of the following arteries supplies maxillary anterior teeth with blood?

Anterior superior alveolar

The facial vein drains each region of the head and neck EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Orbital region

Veins of teeth have alveolar branches and dental branches. Which branch type would drain the pulp tissue of teeth through the apical foramen?

Dental branches

Which vein has NO valves, drains most of the head and neck region, and does NOT drain any of the dentition?

Internal jugular

Many veins in the head and neck region lack valves. Valveless veins of the head and neck contribute to the severe and rapid spread of dental infections.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Each of the following is an afferent cranial nerve EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

C. Olfactory

D. Hypoglossal

D. Hypoglossal

Which muscle, upon contraction, protrudes the tongue?

Genioglossus

Each of the following is a suprahyoid muscle EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

C. Stylohyoid

D. Sternohyoid

D. Sternohyoid

Cervical lymph nodes run along which muscle?

Sternocleidomastoid

For each numbered muscle, select the most closely linked facial expression from the list provided.

1. Mentalis - b. raising chin and protruding

2. Risorius - d. stretching lips

3. Corrugator supercilii - a. frowning

4. Levator anguli oris - e. smiling

5. Buccinator - c. chewing

1. Mentalis- b. raising chin and protruding

2. Risorius- d. stretching lips

3. Corrugator supercilii- a. frowning

4. Levator anguli oris- e. smiling

5. Buccinator c. chewing

The first branchial arch is also called the mandibular arch. The cartilage forming within the mandibular arch is known Reichert cartilage.

A. Both statements are true

B. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

Each of the following is a period of prenatal development EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Fetal

B. Ovulation

B. Ovulation

Which cells responsible for producing dentin?

Odontoblasts

Each of the following is a component of the tooth germ EXCEPT Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Dental follicle

B. Dental lamina

B. Dental lamina

Division of a cell into two daughter cells occurs during which phase of mitosis?

Telophase

The inner cells of the dental papilla will develop into which structure?

Pulp

The earliest indication of a part or an organ during prenatal development is referred to as the

Inner enamel epithelium

Which stage of tooth development occurs between the 11th and 12th weeks of prenatal development?

Bell

Which of the following cells is/are DIRECTLY responsible for immunoglobulin production?

Plasma

Incremental lines that stain brown in preparations of mature enamel are

lines of Retzius.

Which period of prenatal development occurs during months 3 to 9?

Fetal

From the following list, select the structures of the embryo that begin development in week 4 of prenatal development

face

neck

tongue

Face, Neck, Tongue

Each cell facilitates the exfoliation of a primary tooth EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Ameloblasts

B. Osteoclasts

A. Ameloblast

The cervical loop is responsible for development of

roots

Down syndrome is a developmental disturbance that occurs during which period of prenatal development?

Preimplantation

The incomplete developmental division of a tooth germ is called FUSION. Fusion place during initiation stage of tooth development.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Which is the most common cell found in the lamina propria of the oral mucosa?

Fibroblast

The cells responsible for the development of the periodontal ligament come from the

Dental sac

The cusp of Carabelli is found on which permanent molars?

# 3 # 14

Eight bones compose the neurocranium, surrounding the brain. Fifteen bones compose the viscerocranium, or the bones of the face.

A. Both statements are true

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false

B. The first statement is true, and the second statement false

The sphenoid bone is composed of the

temporal fossa , superior orbital fissure of the orbit, base of skull anterior to occipital

Anatomically, the inferior alveolar artery supplies which structure?

Mandibular teeth

The functions of the lymphatic system include all EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

C. Produce lymphocytes

D. Produce thrombocytes

D. Produce thrombocytes

The abducens (VI), trochlear (IV), and oculomotor (II) nerves all provide innervation to the the eye. These nerves provide sensory innervation.

A. Both statements are true

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false

B. The first statement is true, and the second is false.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) Is capable of which two types of movement?

Rotation, gliding

Which arteries are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Maxillary, superficial, temporal

How many teeth are present in an individual with a full deciduous dentition?

20

Which is NOT characteristic feature of the primary dentition?

Thin dentin

Which teeth have wider crowns mesiodistally than faciolingually?

#7 and # 10

Each is an important function of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Prevention of caries

B. Self- cleansing properties

A. Prevention of caries

The clinical crown-to-root ratio is always the same. However, the anatomic crown-to-root ratio may change.

A. Both statements are true

B. Both statements are false

B. Both statements are false

There is relatively constant mesial movement of the molars to compensate for proximal abrasion. Relatively consistent occlusal forces result bone remodeling.

A. Both statements are correct and related.

B. Both statements are false

A. Both statements are correct and related.

Enamel is formed by ameloblasts, which derived from the ectoderm. The ectoderm also signals the mesoderm to start the development of dentin and pulp.

A. Both statements are true

B. Both statements are false

A. Both statements are true

Cellular metabolism occurs in the

mitochondria.

During facial development, the two structures forming The major facial structures are the frontonasal process and the pharyngeal (branchial) arch I. This process begins during week 6 in utero.

A. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

B. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

A. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

Each is a paranasal sinus EXCEPT one. Which the EXCEPTION?

A. Frontal

B. Mandibular

B. Mandibular

Which muscle involved in facial expression does not have a bony attachment, shapes and controls the size of the mouth opening, and helps create lip positions and movements during speech?

Orbicularis oris

Each is an anterior branch of the external carotid artery XCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. Occipital

B. Superior thyroid

B. Occipital

Which gland is associated with dry eye syndrome, (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca? (KCS)?

Lacrimal

The face and its related tissues begin to form during week 6 of prenatal development, within the fetal period. Facial development is completed by week 12.

C. Both statements are true

D. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

D. The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Which developmental disturbance appears as a "tooth within a tooth" on radiologic examination?

Dens in dente

Each is type of connective EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

C. Blood

D. Muscle

D. Muscle

Enamel may be lost through attrition, abrasion, erosion, caries, or abfraction. Radiographically, enamel appears more radiolucent than dentin or pulp, both of which appear more radiopaque.

C. Both statements are true

D. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false

D. The first statement is true, and the second statement is false

Which acronym defines the correct sequence of words used to describe a tooth?

D-A-Q-T

How many permanent anterior teeth are present in an adult mouth?

12

Which tooth numbers represent maxillary first molars?

# 5 and # 12

Which statement is correct? (Select all that apply.)

B. Mandibular molars are bifurcated with a mesial and distal root.

C. Maxillary molars are trifurcated with a mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal root.

D. Maxillary first premolars are bifurcated with a buccal and palatal root.

B. Mandibular molars are bifurcated with a mesial and distal root.

C. Maxillary molars are trifurcated with a mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal root.

D. Maxillary first premolars are bifurcated with a buccal and palatal root.

Which definition BEST describes diffusion?

Movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration gradient

Neutrophils are known as which type of blood cell?

Granulocytes

During gingivitis, which immune system cells are most likely to be the first to respond?

Neutrophils

The merocrine glands are responsible for the secretion of which fluid?

Sweat

which type of tissue lines the surface of the lungs ?

Visceral pleura

Which BEST describes what happens to a nerve when there is an influx of sodium ions?

Depolarization

The inferior alveolar nerve is difficult to anesthetize because it is has a thick myelin sheath. Myelin acts as an insulator that prevents the generation of electrical

A. Both statements are true

B. Both statements are false

A. Both statements are true

An elevated serum potassium level is known as

Hyperkalemia

A group of similar cells that perform a common function is called a/an

tissue.

Negative feedback mechanisms oppose the direction of an initial stimulus. Defects in negative feedback mechanisms are the cause of most homeostatic imbalances.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which cellular organelle is responsible for the detoxification of drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which type of epithelium is multilayered to provide protection to underlying tissue and is found in areas subject to abrasion such as the mouth and the esophagus?

Stratified squamous

A bone disease that results in fragile and thin bones when bone resorption is faster than bone deposit is called

Osteoporosis