Cardiology Lab - Exam 1

Inflammatory cells!

What's this?

Lungs trachea esophagus and heart

What makes up the pluck?

The pericardium

What is best to first assess on the heart?

To collect blood/pus

Why might you make a small incision in the pericardium?

True

T/F: Inside the pericardium is sterile

Just a tad

How much fluid is in the pericardium normally?

Contour,

Epicardium,

Great vessels,

Coronary groove, and

Coronary vessels

What can you observe from the outside of the heart, with the pericardium removed?

The left ventricle

In the normal heart, the apex is part of what ventricle?

Epicardium

What layer of the heart is visible?

Saran wrap, light, smooth and glistening

How should the surface of the heart look?

The caudal vena cava into right atrium by incising from auricle to auricle

What place should you open first?

Right ventricle

From the right atrium, where do we look next?

The pulmonary outflow tract, with chordae tendinae and a semilunar pulmonic valve at top (looks like an ear)

What vessel is next to observe?

The left atrium and ventricle

What part of the heart is next for examination?

Aorta

Finally, the outflow to the body is the ______

The left wall is three times as thick as the right

How much thicker should the left wall be from the right?

2 - 4% of total body weight

What is the weight of a normal heart?

Ingestion of metal leads to the penetration of the reticulum wall, which infects the heart with bacteria, leading to fibrinous pericarditis and epicarditis, which can become restrictive

What is the pathophysiology of hardware disease?

Fibrin

What is on the outside of this heart?

Pericardium with fibrin

What the thick band around the heart?

Fibrinonecrotizing and suppurative epicarditis and pericarditis

Morphologic diagnosis?

Fibrin is an inflammatory response to damage that has changed endothelial dynamic

Fibrous just means dense connective tissue

What is the difference between fibrin and fibrous?

A representative piece of Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium

(See green)

What section should you cut for a sample of this disease?

Kinda round, kinda pudgy, one could even call it globoid

What do you see wrong?

Heartworms

What're those?

The right atrium and ventricle are typically dilated due to worms, and valvular insufficiency is often present

What is true of the right side of a heart with heartworms?

Hypertrophy

What happens to the left side of a heart with heartworms?

Myointimal proliferation

What is the wrinkle near the opening of the pulmonary tract?

Dirofilariasis (you just said heartworms, didn't you)

What is the morphologic diagnosis?

Reverse D ( ;-D )

What shape do you see in this heart with dirofilariasis?

Right ventricular dilation,

Left ventricular hypertrophy,

Dilated pulmonary artery, and

Myointimal proliferation

What are four morphological changes you see with heartworms?

Hemangiosarcoma

Blood filled pericardium

What's Dog 1?

It's black, friable, and bleeding, thus its a hemangiosarcoma!

Find the mass and identify the mass

In the endocardium

Where are the nodules embedded?

Lymphosarcoma

What are these nodules?

Dark, smooth, round, friable, and blood filled

Describe a gross lesion of a hemangiosarcoma?

White, variably shaped, and firm

Describe a gross lesion of a lymphosarcoma?

Variably sized, highly infiltrative, and vascular channels with plump endothelium

What is the histopathology of hemangiosarcoma?

Densely cellular, poorly demarcated, and neoplastic

What is the histopathology of lymphosarcoma?

Hermy wormies bump against endothelium

What causes a thrombus?

Endocardiosis, rounded leaflets, smooth

What's wrong with this picture?

FIlled with fibrin, debris, spiky and spiculous

Endocartitis

What's wrong here?

Endocardiosis on the left, which is just degeneration of the AV valves

vs

Endocarditis on the right, which is inflammation due to infection

Compare

Unalived, due to endocarditis

Diagnose

Intraventricular septal defect

(A hole!)

What's wrong