grade 8 lamda knowledge

The learner will answer questions on the following:

• the effective use of tone, inflection, pace and volume

• Techniques required for effective audience engagement and their benefits to speech delivery

• The steps taken in the preparation and delivery of the impromptu speech

Rhetorical question - a question directed to the audience focusing on making them think about the topic presented rather than solely accepting it as it is

Tone - the way in which one speaks in order to solicit a response from the audience

• eg a sad tone invokes pathos while a confident tone invokes ethos → can also be used for emphasis

• gives light and shade to your speech. Showcases your mood as a speaker and matches it to the audience

Inflection- the mode in which you change the emphasis and mode of your speech. Involves a shift in pitch, power, pace and pause.

• severe inflection used in emphasis

a well modulated speech uses inflection for impact → not as engaging or exciting

Pace- refers to the speed, tempo, or rate at which a piece is delivered. It can be altered depending on the purpose of the speech-

• e.g when speaking about a sad topic, slow the pace so the audience can understand the gravity.

• when trying to build momentum, speak quickly to match the audience’s excitement

Volume is defined as the level of loudness or softness that the words are spoken in.

• when speaking to a younger audience speak with a low volume as to not overwhelm them. Or when speaking about a sensitive or undisclosed topic

• When speaking in places such as an assembly hall, speak with a loud volume so that all the members of the audience can hear you effectively

audience engagement

As the speaker, you use tools such as note cards and visual aids in order to support audience engagement.

audience engagement- whether the audience is interested and how they interact with speech

note cards : organise information, convey things more effectively

• for example i organised both my speeches in note cards for the introduction, main body and call to arms.

• This allowed me to remember the main points without being reliant on a script, improving my body language and allowing me to use more effective and engaging body language

visual aids: underlines the key points in a visual format → you can have a written quote or picture which adds context that wouldnt be there prior

• in my german speech i used visual aids which displayed the quote ‘du bist nie zu spät und du bist nie zu alt’ as well as pictures of ways to apply my purpose.

• engages the audience as they realise how they can apply the information presented. they actually take it in.

As the presenter, you will change your voice modulation, body language and facial expression to suit the speech topic, audience and situation.

• eg speaking to 3 year old children → sitting on a same level as them, slow melodic and high pitched voice w larger gestures and overemphasised facial expressions such as a furrowed brow and an overly wide smile.

• eg speaking to business people → complex language, standing upright with a slightly rigid posture, rapid movements such as quickly putting your hand on something to emphasise a point, serious and consise facial expressions with not much smiling, direct eye contact. Louder volume and quicker pace to communicate urgency, assertive tone to get it done → more mature audience.

Steps taken to deliver impromptu

• picking 3 choices -→ most personal and passionate, under 30 seconds

• have 15 minutes to plan

• decide purpose, audience and location

• remind myself of the fact that it is 3 minutes long

• style of speech

• I begin with a hook (use example from my impromptu) → this allows me to engage from the start

• bullet points for the main body

• i like to use one anecdotal topic and one opinion based topic

• reinforce the purpose of the speech by linking it to the end of each paragraph

• craft a call to arms → 3 ways to achieve the main purpose. impactful through lists or rhetorical questions.

• encourage them to take part. Give reasons as to why they should conform to the purpose and help

Persuasive speech

• convince the audience your point of view is correct

• requires a structured argument

1) identify problem faced by audience

2) show the audience the benefit of agreeing with you

3) make sure the audience is relevant to topic → common ground

4) e.g. in the german speech they are taking german gcse which clearly shows an interest, i am trying to persuade them to further that interest by taking a level

5) identify the problem (not progressing) and the benefit to solving it (improve language and social skills, qualifications…etc)

6) use quotes by who your audience would regard as authority (eg bertolt brecht - intelligent and successful man)

5)use scientific facts (i use research by cambridge university in my german speech)

informative speech

educate the audience with interesting and relevant information → audience research which must be supported by clear presentation

1) most common type of speech which consists of instructions and facts

2) in my prison speech inoutline the facts about wentsworth and cases which have occured (rajwander singh)

3) it can be a narration, description or exposition. for example my speech is an exposition of the issues at wandsworth and other prisons. however that speech is not informative in style as it does not fit the non negotiable criteria

4) there are non negotiables

• facts must be presented in a logical manner and must not be presented with controversial topics

• no provocation in the content

• speaker should present the facts without bias

5) objective is to generate interest and inform and stimulate curiosity within the audience

6) outline the speech with a subject, general and specific purposes, audience and situatiom

political speech

• motivate your audience to take your side in a political argument

• issue will often be controversial and likely emotive

• be certain of your facts and base them off of current research

humorous speech

• entertain the audience while leading them on a journey to make a point.

• humour relies on skilled delivery and wit that matches the audience and is therefore difficult to do well

• works well when relevant to the audience and is based off of experiences they can relate to

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