Quiz 2 (Mitotic Phases, Organelles, & Foot/Leg Bones)

Mitosis

The division of a single parent cell that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Prophase

• The nuclear envelope disappears.

• The spindle fibers first appear.

• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes and chromosomes become visible.

Metaphase

• Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

• The spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes.

Anaphase

• Centromeres break, and daughter chromosomes begin migrating toward opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

• The nuclear envelope reappears, forming two distinct nuclei.

• The chromosomes unwind into chromatin.

• Cytokinesis is completed, forming two separate daughter cells.

Mitotic Spindle

A series of spindle fibers or microtubules that attach to the centromere and centrioles.

What is cytokinesis and during which mitotic phase is it completed?

The equal division of cytoplasm into two daughter cells. It is completed in the telophase.

What causes the separation of chromosomes?

Contraction and relaxation of spindle fibers (the mitotic spindle).

What cells do not undergo cellular division?

Nervous and cardiac muscle cells.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Involved in protein synthesis (folding of proteins and sending them away if misfolded).

• Covered in ribosomes.

• Located in the cytoplasm.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Involved in lipid synthesis.

• Detoxifies drugs and toxins by processing and inactivating them.

• Located in the cytoplasm.

Ribosome

• Site of protein synthesis.

• Free ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm for internal protein production. Membrane-bound ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum for export and membrane protein synthesis.

Mitochondria

• Main source of energy for cells, producing energy in the form of ATP.

• Located in the cytoplasm.

Lysosome

• Digest the nutrients that come into the cell or old organelles.

• Break down cellular waste.

• Located in the cytoplasm.

Femur

Longest/largest bone in the human body, making up the thigh bone.

Greater Trochanter of Femur

Lesser Trochanter of Femur

Linea Aspera

Ridge extending down the posterior surface of femoral shaft.

Medial Condyle of Femur

Lateral Condyle of Femur

Popliteal Fossa

Patellar Groove

Tibia

Tibial Plateau

Medial Condyle of Tibia

Lateral Condyle of Tibia

Tibial Tuberosity

Medial Malleolus

Crest of Tibia

Fibula

Head of Fibula

Styloid Process

Lateral Malleolus

Metatarsal I

Connecting tarsals to phalanges for big toe.

Metatarsal II

Metatarsal III

Metatarsal IV

Metatarsal V

Phalanges (Proximal)

Phalanges (Middle)

Phalanges (Distal)

Medial Cuneiform

Intermediate Cuneiform

Lateral Cuneiform

Cuboid

Navicular

Calcaneus

Talus