🏛️AP GOV / events

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

• expanded Hobbes’ social contract

Baron de Montesquieu

• seperation of powers

Great Compromise

• combined Virginia + New Jersey plan

reserved powers

• state powers

Magna Carta

• limited royal power (even king is subjected to law)

Virginia’s House of Burgesses

• representative democracy

US v Lopez

• pulled back Congress’s power by using Commerce Clause powers

Dual (layer-cake) federalism

• powers do NOT overlap

Cooperative (marble-cake) federalism

Funded / Unfunded Mandates

• rules of what states MUST do regardless of getting money or not

Revenue sharing

• federal money to the states with NO strings attached

Devolution

• attempt to give some power back to the states

Pluralist theory

• power rests in the hands of people

Toll good

• good that is available but is only used by those who can afford it

• ex: private schooling

Supremacy Clause

• federal law is superior to state law

Crosscutting mandate

• failure to comply w these mandates results in criminal + civil penalties like reduction of federal grants, prosecution of officers

• ex: racial discrimination laws

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

• restrain federal gov’s use of mandate

• placed greater scrunity on Unfunded Mandates by the federal gov