Nomenclature

Chemical Bond

the force that holds two atoms together

Valence electrons

the electrons in an atom’s outermost orbital

Cation

any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge and are listed first

Anion

any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge and are listed first

Octet rule

states that atoms loose/gain/share electrons to acquire a stable configuration of a noble gas

Chemical formula

shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of the substance

Formula unit

the lowest whole-number ration or ions in a compound

Monatomic ion

an ion formed from only one atom

Polyatomic ion

an ion formed from more than one atom

Oxidation number/charge

the positive or negative charge or a monatomic ion

Oxyanion

a polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bounded to one or more oxygen atoms

Ionic compounds

compounds composed of metal cations and nonmetal anions

Covalent bond

compounds composed of two nonmetals

Binary compound

compounds containing only two elements

Ternary compound

compounds composed of three or more different elements

Molecule

smallest neutral unit of a covalently bonded substance that has the properties of the substance

Molecular compounds

molecules whose formula represents the actual number of atoms bonded together in the molecule

Oxyacid

any acid that contains hydrogen and an oxyanion

Molecular formula

shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule

Binary acids

acids composed of hydrogen and a nonmetal