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Cancer Formation and Pathophysiology
What is epithelial dysplasia?
A premalignant condition with cellular (size, shape, nuclei, mitosis) and architectural (rete pegs, hyperplasia, altered maturation) changes.
Which cell functions must be disrupted for cancer to occur?
Growth regulation, apoptosis, differentiation, DNA repair, replicative senescence, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, immune evasion.
What is growth regulation in cancer?
Proliferation beyond normal cell division.
What is replicative senescence?
Irreversible loss of the cell’s ability to stop dividing, leading to faulty cells.
What is angiogenesis in cancer?
Formation of new blood vessels to sustain tumor growth.
What is the significance of p53 mutation in head and neck cancers?
DNA repair fails, contributing to cancer development.