The Progressive Era

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended suffrage to women in federal or state elections.

Jim Crow Laws

Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights

Poll Tax

a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote

Literacy test

A test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court ruled that segregation public places facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal

Progressivism

the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society

Muckraker

a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society

Settlement house

a center in an underprivileged area that provides community services

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House and settlement house movement, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

Direct primary

an election where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office

Initiative

process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot

Referendum

The practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature

Recall

gave citizens a chance to remove an elected official from office before the person's term ended

Florence Kelley

reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers

Temperance movement

campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages

Suffrage

the right to vote

Carrie Chapman Catt

Conservative leader of the NAWSA from 1915 - 1920 and pushed the suffrage movement nation-wide

NAWSA

National American Woman Suffrage Association; founded in 1890 to help women win the right to vote

Alice Paul

Radical suffragist supporting protests against President Wilson and formed the National Woman's Party

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality

Theodore Roosevelt

President who reformed government through the Square Deal

Meat Inspection Act

1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Pure Food and Drug Act

the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs

Conservation

The protection of natural resources

Antitrust Legislation

law intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopolies

Reform

To change for the better

Regulations

The formal instructions that government issues for implementing laws.