Family Practice for Amphibians

Acaphidae

tailed frogs can be found in the pacific northwest of California in fast flowing streams

Cryptobranchidae

Found in Eastern China, Southern Japan

• external fertilizers

Big salamanders

baggy skin with hidden gill slits

Hynobiidae

Asian salamanders, eastern europe, japan, korea

• external fertilizers

• none in CA

• no gills/gill slits

Sirenidae

Michigan, southeast US

• external gillsl

• 2 forelimbs, no hind limbs

• external fertilization

• adults have external gills

• beak with keratin

Salamandridae

EU, Turkey, southern China and Indochina, Japan
4 good limbs

may be aquatic

no gills

tetrodotoxin

Dicamptodont\idae

Pac Northwest from CA
big, brown, facultative metamorphosis

Ambystomatidae

NA
robust

Proteidae

east US and Canada
large external gill, caudal fin, no eyelids, 4 limbs

Rhyacotritonidae

Pac northwest from CA to Washington
Semi-aquatic, small, in fast flowing streams,
large eyes, square vent in pales

Amphiumidae

SE US
Eel-like

incomplete metamorphosis

4 tiny legs with reduced digits

Plethodontidae

most speciose of the salamnder families

NA, Latin America, Asia

no lungs, nasolabial groove, direct dev

which families in salamanders externally fertilize?

hynobiidae, cryptobranchidae and sirenidae

Ascaphidae

pacific northwest and north rockies

tail

Bombinatoridae

EU and Asia
fire bellied toads

Pipidae

Africa and South America
tongueless frogs
webbed toes
awuatic

Rhinophrynidae

southern Texas to Costa Rica
burrowing, egg shaped body. short limbs

Scaphiopodidae

NA
Spadefoots

Megophryidae

China, Asia, Indonesia and the Philippines
Asian toadfrogs
lead shaped head and horns above eyes

Calyptocephallidae

Chile
false toads

blunt head with bumps on dorsum

Type I tadpole

• no keratinized mouthparts

• paired spiracles

• barbels

Rhinophrynidae and Pipidae

Type II tadpole

• no keratinized mouthparts

• single medial posterior spiracle

microhylidae (narrow mouthed)

Type III tadpole

• keratinized mouthparts

• midventral spiracle
  ascaphidae and bombinatoridae

Type IV

• keratinized mouthparts

• sinistral spiracle

all other frog families

Hylidae

worldwide except africa
True Tree frogs

• large toe pads, webbed feet
  

Bufonidae

worldwide
warty skin, parotoid glands
terrestrial

Dendrobatidae

Central and South America
Small, bright and poisonous
with two scutes on toetips

Rhinodermatidae

South America
Mouth brooding
proboscis at snout

Leptodactylidae

Central and South America
southern frogs
foam nesting

Ceratophryidae

South America
horned toads

pac man, mimic of deas leaves

Alsodidae

South America

Microhylidae

worldwide

narrow-mouthed frogs

Mantelladae

madagascar

looks like dendrobatidae

Hyperoliidae

sub saharan africa, madagascar
African reed Frogs
arboreal with toe discs

Rhacophoridae

sub-saharan africa, madagascar, south asia
* toe discs with large eyes and pupils

Ranidae

worldwide
long legs and toes