Science- a way of learning about the natural world

Scientific inquiry- a process used by scientists to research questions aka scientific method

The scientific method:

1. Question

2. Research

3. Hypothesis- a proposed explanation for some observed phenomenon that can be tested

4. Experiment- A procedure carried out and repeated under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a hypothesis

5. Collect data

6. Analyze- Examine methodically and in detail

7. Conclusion- A final decision of judgment based on evidence and inference

8. Report- share information

Types of data:

Quantitative- information or data based on countable measurements of something

Qualitative- Information based on qualities of something (color, shape, size)

Law vs Fact vs Theory

Something is a fact when it is a single event that was observed. An example of this is an apple falling.

A law is a generalized observation about a relationship between two or more things in the natural world. An example of this is Newton's universal law of gravity.

A theory is a collection of hypotheses repeatedly tested to be valid and not yet proven wrong

Variables

Controlled variable (constant)- A baseline to compare results; the experimental element that is unchanged throughout the experiment

Independent variable(test) The variable that is changed or controlled

           Dependent variable(outcome)- The variable that is affected and measured    in the experiment

Key terms:

Iv: tested, controlled, manipulated, cause, x-axis

Dv: outcome, responding, affected, measured, y-axis

Cv: unchanged, baseline to compare results

Inferencing vs prediction prediction

Inferring: explains what is happening or what has happened

Prediction- statements or claims about what will happen

Microscopes

Compound microscope: A light microscope that can magnify about. 1000 times and observe living or dead sample

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): can magnify over 100,000 times, Directs electrons over the surface of a dead specimen to provide a 3D image

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): Uses magnets to aim electrons at thin slices of cells, can magnify 500,000 times, only on a dead specimen

Metric system

The metric system is a decimal-based system of measurement international system of units (SI) is the revised version

Length-meter

Mass- kilogram

Temperature-kelvin

Electric current- ampere

Amount of substance-mole

Luminosity- Candela