BIO 2924 – Super Expanded Study Guide (Units 1, 2, and 3)

These flashcards cover key concepts in microbiology, including definitions of various fields, types of microorganisms, pathogenesis, and mechanisms of growth and genetics.

Microbiology

The study of microorganisms too small to be seen without magnification.

Bacteriology

The study of bacterial structure, metabolism, and genetics.

Virology

The study of viruses, including replication cycles and vaccines.

Mycology

The study of fungi, including molds and yeasts.

Parasitology

The study of parasitic protozoa and helminths.

Immunology

The study of immune defense and antigen-antibody interactions.

Virulence

The severity or harmfulness of a pathogen.

Gram Stain

A step-by-step method to differentiate bacterial species based on the characteristics of their cell walls.

Autotrophs

Organisms that use CO2 as an inorganic carbon source.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain their carbon from organic sources.

Psychrophiles

Microorganisms that thrive at low temperatures (0–20°C).

Obligate aerobes

Organisms that require oxygen for growth.

Point mutations

Genetic mutations that involve a change in a single nucleotide.

Conjugation

A method of gene transfer requiring a physical connection between two cells, often involving plasmids.