Community ecology
________ provides a framework for identifying important species interactions associated with such diseases, as well as for tracking and controlling their spread.
Autotrophs
________ convert chemical energy, which is then passed on to heterotrophs, food's organic components, and dissipated as heat.
Vegetation
________ has a major influence on nutrient cycling.
inorganic form
Organisms that are photosynthetic and chemosynthetic take up these elements in their ________ from the air, soil, and water, which they integrate into their biomass, some of which is eaten by animals.
main producers
Autotrophs, also known as the ________ of the ecosystem, make up the trophic level that eventually sustains all others.
scale
An ecosystem, regardless of ________, has two fundamental emergent properties.
Climate variables
________, such as temperature, have an impact on terrestrial ecosystems.
Ecologists
________ employ organisms to supplement ecosystems with necessary elements in biological augmentation.
Energy flow
________ and chemical cycle are two characteristics.
dark orange arrows
Energy (________) entering the food web as radiation from the sun is transferred as chemical energy; each of these units of energy eventually departs as heat is emitted into space.
Primary production
________ in ecosystems is governed by energy and other limiting variables.
Zoonotic pathogens
________ are infections that spread from animals to people and are responsible for the majority of developing human illnesses.
Nitrogen enters
________ ecosystems via atmospheric deposition and prokaryotic nitrogen- fixing.
carbon cycle
The ________ is largely characterized by the reciprocal processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Elements
________ like as carbon and nitrogen are used in the chemical cycle and are transferred between the biotic and abiotic elements of the ecosystem.
primary productivity
Light and nutrients restrict ________ in aquatic environments.
trophic tiers
Based on feeding interactions, ecologists classify organisms in an environment into ________.
Pathogens
________ have an important influence on the structure of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, according to recent research.
metabolism
The ________ releases inorganic compounds into the environment.
majority of autotrophs
The ________ are photosynthetic organisms that use light energy to produce sugars and other organic molecules that they use as fuel for cellular respiration and building material for growth.