Pancreatic Hormones

what is a major stimulus for insulin secretion

elevated plasma glucose

what is the importance of assessing HbA1c in pt with DM

HbA1c provides an indication of glycation of proteins and glycemic control over 2-3 months

what is the function of the Glut-4 transporter

transport glucose into skeletal muscle cells and adipose tissue

insulin sensitive transporter

what is the function of GLUT-3 transporter

transports glucose into the brain
non-insulin sensitive

what is the function of GLUT-2 transporter

transports glucose into hepatocytes

non-insulin sensitive transporter

what is the major action of glucagon

stimulate glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

insulin stimulates which metabolic pathways in skeletal muscle

glycolysis and glycogenesis

insulin resistance would result in...

hyperglycemia due to hypo-responsiveness of cells to insulin

AMPK plays a key role as a

cellular energy sensory that regulates metabolic pathways

what is the effect of muscle contraction on glucose transport into muscle cells?

contraction increases glucose transport into muscle cells

what is the effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation on regulation of blood glucose levels?

SNS stimulation gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis thus increased glucose output from liver

a deficiency of insulin secretion as in type 1 diabetes mellitus would result in which of the following?

hyperglycemia

when combined together, what effect does insulin and muscle contraction have on blood glucose levels

there is an added effect and blood glucose is lowered

following a single session of exercise, what change in insulin sensitivity and/or insulin resistance occurs?

exercise improves insulin sensitivity

alpha cells secrete ________. the major stimulus for secretion is ________

glucagon

decreased blood glucose

beta cells secrete ________. the major stimulus for secretion is ________

insulin

high blood glucose

what is C peptide?

proteases that cleave the C domain of proinsulin

A1C criteria for diabetes

greater than 6.5%

OGTT criteria for diabetes

>= 200 mg/dl

FPG criteria for diabetes

>=126 mg/dl

what is the difference between fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance test

fasting blood glucose is tested after no caloric intake for at least 8 hours whereas OGTT is taken 2 hours after ingesting a sugary substance/drink

what is the significance of HbA1c measurements

measure concentration from the last 2-3 months